GVS37 




GV 837 
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Copy 1 



SPALDING'S 

ATHLETIC 

LIBRARY 




Spalding's Athletic Library is admitted to be the leading 
library series of its kind published in the world. In fact, 
it has no imitators, let alone equals. It occupies a field 
that it has created for itself. 

The Library was established in the year 1892, and it is an 
admitted fact by many authorities that Spalding's Athletic 
Library has accomplished a great deal in America for the 
advancement of amateur sport. 

The millions that read the Library during the year will 
attest to its value. A glance at its index will disclose the 
remarkable field that it covers. It is immatoiial what the 
pastime may be, you will find in Spalding's Athletic Library 
a reference to it, either in a book devoted exclusively to 
that particular game or in some of the books that cover 
many sports. 

It has been the aim of the editors to make the books 
Official, and they are recognized as such, all the important 
governing bodies in America giving to the publishers of 
Spalding's Athletic Library the right to publish their official 
books and ofl3cial rules. 

A glance at the names of the authors of the different vol- 
umes will convince th« reader that the best men in each 
particular line, the mem best qualified to write intelligently 
on each subject, are keiected ; and, as a result, there is 
not another series in ) the world like Spalding's Athletic 
Library series. 

It is immaterial what new game or form of sport be 
conceived or advanced, it is invariably the aim of the 
publishers to have a book on that sport. In that way 
Spalding's Athletic Library is in the field at the beginning 
of the sport, follows it year in and year out and there can 
be no doubt whatever that the present popularity of athletic 
sports can attribute the same to the "backing" it has 
received from Spalding's Athletic Library. 



JAMES E. SULLIVAN. 



SPALDING ATHimC LIBKARV 

Giving the Titles ol all Spalding Athletie Library 
Boohs now in print, grouped tor ready reterenee 



SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 

No. I Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide 

No. 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 

No. 2a Spalding's Official Association Foot Ball Guide 

No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide 

Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual 
Spalding's Official Golf Guide 
Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide 
Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide 
Spalding's Official Bowling Guide 
Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide 
Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide 
Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac 

Group I. Base Ball Group ii. Foot Ball 

No. 1 Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide. 



No. 


4 


No. 


5 


No. 


6 


No. 


7 


No. 


8 


No. 


9 


No. 


lO 


No. 


12 



No. 202 How to Play Base Ball. 

No. 223 How to Bat. 

No. 232 How to Run Bases. 

No. 230 How to Pitch. 

No. 229 How to Catch. 

No. 225 How to Play First Base. 

No. 226 How to Play Second Base. 

No. 227 How to Play Third Base. 

No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. 

No. 224 How to Play the Outfield. 

f How to Organize a Base Ball 
Club. [League. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 
How to Manage a Base Ball Club. 
How to Train a Base Ball Team. 
How to Captain a Base Ball 
How to Umpire a Game. [Team. 
"" Technical Base Ball Terms, 
No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball 
Percentages. 
BASE BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 291 Minor League Base Ball Guide.* 
No. 293 Official Handbook National 
League of Prof. B. B. Clubs.* 
* Ready in May. 



No. 
231 



No. 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball 
Guide. 

No. 284 How to Play Foot Ball. 

No. 2 A Spalding's Official (Soccer) 
Association Foot Ball Guide. 

No. 286 How to Play Soccer. 

FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES 

No. 283 Spalding's Official Canadian 
Foot Ball Guide. 

No. 294 Official Intercollegiate Associa- 
tion Soccer Foot Ball Guide. 

Group III. cricket 

No. Z Spalding's Official Cricket 

Guide.* 
No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. 

Group IV. Lawn Tennis 

No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis 

^ynnual. 
No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. 
No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn 
Tennis. 

Group V. Goir 

No. 5 Spalding's Official Golf Guide. 
No. 276 How to Play Golf. 

Group VI. Bockeg 

No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 
No. 154 Field Hockey. [.Guide. 

No. 188 Lawn Hockey. 
No. 180 Ring Hockey. 

HOCKEY AUXILIARY 

No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario 

Hockey Association. 



Any of the Above Books Mailed Postpaid Upon 
Receipt of 10 Cents 



< ^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY / Ts 



fipoip VII. Basket Ball 

No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket 

Ball Guide. 
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. 
No. 260 Basket Ball Guid« for Women. 

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 278 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 

Handbook. 

croup VIII. Bowling 

No. 8 Spalding's Official Bowling 
Guide. 

Group IX. Indoor Base Ball 

No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor 
Base Ball Guide. 

Group X. Polo 

No. 10 Spalding's Offi cial Roller 
No. 129 Water Polo. iPolo Guide. 

No. 199 Equestrian Polo. 

Group XI. Miscellaneous Games 

No. 201 Lacrosse. 

No. 248 Archery. 

No. 138 Croquet. 

No. 271 Roque 

jT [Racquets. 

Voi "(Squash-Racquets. 

•^^ (Court Tennis. 

No. 13 Hand Ball. 

No. 167 Quoits. 

No. 170 Push Ball. 

No. 14 Curling. 

No. 207 Lawn Bowls. 

No. 188 Lawn Games. 

No. 18^ Children's Games. 

Group XII. Athletics 

No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic 
Almanac. 

No. 27 College Athletics. 

No. 182 All Around Athletics. 

No. 156 Athletes' Guide. 

No. 87 Athletic Primer. 

No. 273 Olympic Games at Athens.1906. 

No. 252 How to Sprint. 

No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. 

No. 174 Distance and Cross Country 
Running. 

No. 259 How to Become a Weight 
Thrower. 

No. 55 Official Sporting Rules. 

No. 246 Athletic Training for School- 
boys. 
ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES 

No. 241 Amateur Athletic Union Offi- 
cial Handbook. 

No. 217 Olympic Handbook (St. Louis). 

No. 292 Intercollegiate Official Hand- 
book. 



ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES- Cow. 
No. 245 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. 
No. 281 Public Schools Athletic League 

Official Handbook. 
No. 274 Intercollegiate Cross Country 

Association Handbook. 

Athletic 
Group XIII. Accomplishments' 

No. 177 How to Swim. 

No. 128 How to Row. 

No. 209 How to Become a Skater. 

No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling. 

No. 23 Canoeing. 

No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. 

No. 296 Speed Swimming. 

Group XIV. Manly sports 

No. 18 Fencing. (ByBreck). 

No. 162 Boxing. 

No. 165 Fencing. (By Senac). 

No. 140 Wrestling. 

No. 236 How to Wrestle. 

No. 102 Ground Tumbling. 

No. 233 Jiu Jitsu. 

No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs. 

No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises. 

No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. 

No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. 

No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. 

No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. 

No 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. 



Group 

No. 104 



XV. 



Gymnastics 



Grading of Gymnastic Exer- 
cises. 

No. 214 Graded Calisthenics and Dumb 
Bell Drills. 

No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. 

No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic 
Games. 

No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. 

No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- 
ing Drills. 

Group XVI. Physical culture 

No. 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for 

Busy Men. 
No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- 
giene. 
No. 149 Scientific Physical Training 

and Care of the Body. 
No. 142 Physical Training Simplified. 
No. 185 Hints on Health. 
No. 213 285 Health Answers. 
No. 238 Muscle Building [ning. 

No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- 
No. 261 Tensing Exercises. [ics. 
No. 285 Health by Muscular Gymnast- 
No. 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym- 
No. 290 Get Well; Keep Well, [nasties. 



Any of the Above Books Mailed Postpaid Upon 
Receipt of 10 Cents 



^SPALDING ATHLETIC imRARY/T^ 




Group L Base Ball 

No. 1— Spalding's Official 
Base Ball Guide. 

The leading Base Ball 

annual of the country, 
and the official authority 
of the game. Edited by 
Henry Chadwick, the 
'•Father of Base Ball." 
Contains the official play- 
ing rules, with an ex- 
planatory index of thr 
rules compiled by Mr. 
A. G. Spalding; pictures of all the 
teams in the National, American and 
minor leagues; official averages; re- 
views of the season in all the pro- 
fessional organizations; college Base 
Ball, and a great deal of interesting 
information. Price lU cents. 

No. 202— How to Play Base 
Ball. 

Edited by T. H. 
Murnane. New and 
revised edition. 
Contents: How to 
become a good bat- 
ter; how to run the 
bases; advice to 
base runners. by 
James E. Sullivan, 
President A.A.U.; 
how to become a good pitcher; 
how to become a good catcher; how 
to play first base; how to play sec- 
ond base; how to play third base; 
■how to play shortstop; how to play 
the infield; how to play the out- 
field; the earmarks of a ball player, 
by John J. McGraw; good advice for 
players; how to organize a team: 
how to manage a team; how to 
score a game; how to umpire a 
game; bai^e ball rules interpreted for 
boys. I' rice 10 cents. 

No. 223— How to Bat. 

T li (" most important 
part of ball playing now 
adays, outside of pitch 
ing. Is batting. The tean 
that can bat and has 
some good pitchers can 
win base ball games 
therefore, every boy and 
young man who has. of 
course, already learned t 
catch, should turn his attention to 
this department of the game, and 
there is no better way of becoming 
proficient than by reading this book 
and then constantly practising the 
little tricks explained. Price 10 cts. 






\o. 232— How to Run tlic 
Bases. 

The importance of base 

unning as a scientific! 
feature of the national 
game Is becoming more 
and more recognized each] 
year. Besides being spec- 
tacular, feats of basej 
stealing nearly always 
figure iu the winning of 
game. Many a close 
contest is decided on the winning of 
that little strip of 90 feet which lies 
between cushions. When hits are 
few and the enemy's pitchers steady, 
it becomeL incumbent on the oppos- 
ing team to get around the bases in 
some manner. Effective stealing not 
only increases the effectiveness of 
the' team by advancing its runners 
without wasting hits, but it serves 
to materially disconcert the enemy 
and frequently has caused an entire 
opposing club to temporarily lose its 
poise and throw away the game. 
This book gives clear and concise di- 
rections for excelling as a base run- 
ner; tells when to run and when not 
to do so; how and when to slide; 
team work on the bases; in fac^ 
every point of the game is thoi* 
oughly explained. Illustrated with 
pictures of leading players. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 230— How to Pitcli. 

A new, up-to-date book. 
The object of this book 
is to aid the beginners 
who aspire to become 
clever twirlers, and its 
contents are the practi- 
cal teaching of men who 
have reached the top as 
l)itchers, and who know 
how to impart a knowl- 
edge of their art. All the big 
leagues' pitchers are shown. Price 
10 ceutd. 
No. 229— How to Cateli. 

Undoubtedly the best 
book on catching that] 
has yet been published. 
Every boy who has hopes I 
of being a clever catcher] 
should read how well- 
known players cover their I 
position. Among t h e| 
more noted ones who de- 
scribe their methods of" 
play in this book are Lou Crigor of 
the' Boston Americans and Johnnie 
Kling of the Chicago Nationals. The 
numerous pictures comprise all the 
noted catchers in the big leagues. 
Price 10 cents. 





<^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY/^ 




]Vo. 225— How to Play First 
Base. 

No other position in a 
ball team has shown 
such a change for the 
better in recent years as 
first base. Modifications 
in line with the better- 
ment of the sport in 
every department have 
been made at intervals, 
but in no other depart- 
ment have they been so radical. No 
boy who plays the initial sack can 
afford to overlook the points and 
hints contained in this book. En- 
tirely new and up to date. Illus- 
trated with full-page pictures of all 
the prominent first basemen. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 220— How to Play Second 
Base. 

There are so few men 
who can cover second 
base to perfection that 
their names can easily 
be called off by anyone 
■who follows the game of 
base ball. Team owners 
who possess such players 
would not part with 
them for thousands of 
dollars. These men have been inter- 
viewed and their ideas incorporated 
in this book for the especial benefit 
of boys who want to know the fine 
points of play at this point of the 
diamond. Illustrated with full-page 
pictures. Price 10 cents. 



IVo. 227— How to Play Third 
Base. 

Third base is, in some 
respects, the most impor- 
tant of the infield. No 
major league team has 
ever won a pennant with- 
out u great third base- 
man. Collins of the Bos- 
ton Americans and Leach 
of Pittsburg are two of 
the greatest third base- 
men the game has ever seen, and 
their teams owe much of the credit 
for pennants they have won to 
them. These men in this book de- 
scribe just how they play the posi- 
tion. Everything a player should 
know is clearly set forth and any 
boy will surely increase his chances 
of success by a careful reading of 
this book. Illustrated. Price 10 
cents. 







No. 228— How to Play Short- 

* Shortstop is one of the 

hardest positions on the 
infield to fill, and quick 
thought and quick action 
are necessary for a play- 
er who expects to make 
good as a shortstop. The 
views of every well- 
known player who cov- 
ers this position have 

been sought in compiling this book, 

Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 224— How to Play the 
Outfield. 

Compiled especially for 
the young player who 
would become an expert. 
The best book on play- 
ing the outfield that has 
ever been published. 
There are just as many 
tricks to be learned, be- 
fore a player can be a 
competent fielder. a s 
there are in any other position on a 
nine, and this book explains them 
all. Price 10 cents. 

No. 231— How to Coach; How 
to Captain a Team; Ho-w 
to Manage a Team; Hoiiv 
to Umpire; Ho\^' to Or- 
ganize a Lieague; Tech- 
nical Terms of Base Ball. 
A useful guide to all 
who are interested in the 
above subjects. Jimmy 
Collins writes on coach- 
ing; M. J. Kelly on cap- 
taining; Al Buckenberger 
on managing; Frank 
Dwyer of the American 
League staff on umpir- 
ing; Fred Lake on minor 
leagues, and the editor. T. H. Mur- 
nane. President of the New England 
League, on how to organize a league. 
The chapters on Technical Terms of 
Base Ball have been written by 
Henry Chadwick, the "Father of 
Base Ball," and define the meaning 
of all the terms peculiar to the Na- 
tional Game. Price 10 cents. 

No. 219— Ready Reckoner of 
Base Ball Percentages. 

To supply a demand i 
for a book which would 
show the percentage of 
clubs without recourse to| 
the arduous work of fig 
urlng, the publishers! 
have had these tables f 
compiled by an expert. 
Price 10 cents. 





'^SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/T^ 





BASE BALL. AUXILIARIES. 

No. 291— Minor Leagrae Base 
Ball Guide. 

The minors' own guide. 
Contains pictures o f 
leading teams, schedules, 
report of annual meeting 
National Association of 
Professional Base Ball 
Leagues, special articles 
and official rules. Edited 
by President T. H. Mur- 
nane, of the New England League. 
Price 10 cents. (Ready May 1.) 

No. £93— Official Handbook 
of the \ational League 
of Professional Base Ball 
Clubs. Contains the Constitu- 
tion, By-Laws, Official 
Rules, Averages, and 
schedule of the Na- 
tional League for the 
current year, together 
with list of club offi- 
cers and reports of the 
annual meetings of the 
League. Every follower 
of the game should have a copy of 
this lx)ok if he wants to keep his 
file of Base Ball books complete. 
Price 10 cents. 



Group II. Foot Ball 

No. 2— Spalding's Official 
Foot Ball Guide. 

Edited by Walt e r 
Camp. Contains the new 
rules, with diagram of 
field; All-America teams 
as selected by the lead- 
ing authorities; reviews 
of the game from vari- 
ous sections of the coun- 
try; U»0.5 scores of all 
the leading teams; pic- 
tures of hundreds of players. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 2S4— How to Play Foot 
Ball. 

Edited by Walter 
Camp. The contents em- 
brace everything that a 
beginner wants to know 

jand many points that an 
expert will b(> glad to 
learn. The pictures are 

[made from snapshots of 
leading teams and play 
ers in action, with com 

Walter Camp. Price 10 







No. 2A— Spalding's Official 
Association Soccer Foot 
Ball Guide. 



A complete and up-to- 
date guide to the 
'"Soccer" game in the 
United States, containing 
instructions for playing 
the game, official rules, 
and interesting news 
from all parts of the 
country. Illustrated. 

Price 10 cents. 



No. 286— How to Play Soc- 
cer. 

Owing to the great 
interest shown in •"Soc- 
cer" foot ball in Amer- 
ica, the publishers have 
had a book compiled in 
England, the home of the 
sport, telling how each 
position should be played, 
written by the best play- 
er in England in his re- 
spective position, and illustrated 
with full-page photographs of play- 
ers in action. As a text-book of 
the game this work is invaluable, 
and no "Soccer" player can afford 
to be without it. Price 10 cents. 



FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES. 



No. 2S.3— Spalding's 
Canadian Foot 

Guide. 

Edited by Frank D. 
Woodwiirth. Secretary- 

Treasui-er Ontario Rugby 
Foot Ball Union. The 
official book of the game 
in Canada. Price 10 
cents. 



No. 294— Official Intercolle- 
giate Association Soccer 
Foot Ball 
Guide. 

Contains the constitu- 
tion and by-laws of the 
Association, pictures of 
the teams, and official 
playing rules. Price lO 
cents. 





< ^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY / /^ 



Group ni. Cricket 

No. 3— Spalding's Official 
Cricket Guide. 

Edited by Jerome Flan- 
iiery. The most com- 
plete year book of the 
game that has ever been 
published in America 
Reports of special 
matches. official rules 
and pictures of all the 
leading teams. Price 10 
cents. 

JVo. 277— Cricket; and How 
to Play it. 
By Prince Ranjitsinhji, 

Every department of 

the game is described 

concisely and illustrated 

with full-page pictures 

posed especially for this 

book. The best book 

of instruction on the 

game ever published. 

Price 10 cents. 





Group IV, 



Lawn 
Tennis 




No. 4 — Spaldingr's Official 
Lavrn Tennis Annual. 

Edited by H. P. Bur- 
chell, of the New York 
Times. Contents include 
a report of every impor- 
tant tournament played 
in 1906, embracing the 
National Championship, 
sectional and State tour- 
naments; invitation and 
open tournaments; inter- 
and interscholastic cham- 
women's national cham- 
foreign championships; in- 
door championships: official ranking 
for each year from 1885 to 1906; 
laws of lawn tennis; instructions for 
handicapping; decisions on doubtful 
points; regulations for the manage- 
ment of tournaments; directory of 
clubs; diroctions for laying out and 
keeping a court; tournament notes. 
Illustrated with pictures of leading 
players. Price 10 cents. 

No. 157— HoTF to Play Iiawn 
Tennis. 

A complete description 
of lawn tennis; a lesson 
for beginners and direc- 
tions telling how to 
make the most impor- 
tant strokes. Illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 





Golf 

Official 




No. 279— Strokes and Science 
of La^vn Tennis. 

By P. A. Vaile. a 
leading authority on the 
game in Great Britain. 
Every stroke in the 
game is accurately illus- 
trated and analyzed by 
the author. As a means 
of affording a compari- 
son between the Amer- 
ican and the English 
methods of play, this book is ex- 
tremely useful. Price 10 cents. 

Group V. 

No. 5 — Spaldingr*s 
Golf Guide. 

The leading annual of 
the game in the United 
States. Contains rec- 
ords of all important 
tournaments, articles on 
the game in various sec- 
tions of the countrv, 
pictures of prominent 
I)layers, official playing 
rules and general items 
of interest. Price 10 cts. 

No. 276— How to Play Golf. 

By James Braid, the 
English Open Champion 
of 1906. A glance at 
the chapter headings 
will give an idea of the 
variety and value of the 
ton tents; Beginners' 
wrong ideas; method of 
tuition; choosing the 
clubs; how to grip the 
club; stance and address in driving; 
the upward swing in driving, etc.; 
Numerous full-page pictures of Cham- 
pion Braid in action add to the 
book's attractiveness. Price 10 cts. 

Group VI. Hockey 

No. 6— Spalding's Official Ice 
Hockey Guide. 

Written by the mc 
famous player in Can- 1 
ada, A. Farrell, of the 
Shamrock hockey team , 
of Montreal. It contains 
a complete description | 
of hockey, its origin, 
points of a good player, 
and an instructive ar-l 
tide on how game is 
played, with diagrams and official 
rules. Illustrated with pictures of 
leading teams. Price 10 cents. 





■a X SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/T ^ 






No. 154— Field Hockey. 

To those in need of 
vigorous and healthful 
out-of-doors exer c i s e, 
this game is recom- 
mended highly. Its 
healthful attributes are 
manifold and the inter- 
est of player and spec- 
tator alike is kept ac- 
tive through out the 
progress of the game. The game is 
prominent in the sports at Vassar. 
Smith. Wellesley. Bryn Mawr and 
other leading colleges. Price 10 cents. 

IV o. lcS8 — LiaTvn 
Hockey, Garden 
Hockey, Parlor 
Hockey. 

Containing the rules 
for each game. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 180— Ring Hockey. 

A new game for the 
gymnasium, invented by 
Dr. J. M. Vorhees of 
Pratt Institute. Brook- 
lyn, that has sprung 
into instant popularity; 
as exciting as basket 
ball. This book contains 
official rules. Price 10 
cents. 

HOCKEY AUXILIARY. 

No. 25(i— Official Handbook 

of the Ontario 

Association. 

Edited by W. A. Hew- 
itt, of Toronto. Con- 
tains the official rules 
of the Association, con- 
stitution, rules of com- 
petition, list of officers, 
and pictures of leading 
players. Price 10 cents. 

Basket 
Group VII. Ball 

No. 7— Spaldingr's Official 
Basket Ball Guide. 

Edited by George T. 
lIep))ron. Contains the 
revised official rules, de- 
cisions on d i s p u t e d 
points, records of promi- 
nent teams, reports 
the game from various 
parts of the country 
and pictures of hundreds 
of players. Price 10 cents 





Hockey 





No. 193— How to Play Basket 
Ball. 

By G. T. Hepbron, 
editor of the Official 
Basket Ball Guide. Con- 
tains full instructions 
for players, both for the 
expert and the novice, 
duties of officials, and 
specially posed full-page 
pictures showing the cor- 
rect and incorrect meth- 
ods of playing. The demand for a 
hook of this character is fully satis- 
tied in this publication, as many- 
points are included which could not 
lie incorporated in the annual publi- 
cation of the Basket Ball Guide for 
want of room. Price 10 cents. 

No. 260— Official Basket Ball 
Guide for Women. 

_ Edited by Miss Senda 

lliJK at;! Berenson, of Smith Col- 
lege. Contains the of- 
licial playing rules of 
the game and special ar- 
ticles on the following 
subjects: Games for 
women, by E. Hitchcock, 
Director of Physical 
Training, and Dean of 
College. Amherst College; condition 
of women's basket ball in the Mid- 
dle West, by W. P. Boweu, Michigan 
State Normal College; psychological 
effects of basket ball for women, by 
Dr. L. H. Gulick; physiological ef- 
fects of basket ball, by Theodore 
Hough, Ph. D. ; significance of basket 
ball for women, by Senda Berenson; 
relative merit of the Y. M. C. A. 
rules and women's rules, by Augusta 
Lane Patrick; A Plea for Basket 
Ball. by Julie Ellsbee Sullivan, 
Teachers' College, New York; dia- 
gram of field. Illustrated with 
mr.ny pictures of basket ball teams. 
Price 10 cents. 

BASKET BALL. AUXILIARY. 

No. 378— Collegiate Basket 
Ball Guide. 

The official publication 
of the new Collegiate 
Basket Ball Associa- 
tion. Contains the of- 
ficial rules. collegiate 
and high school records. 
All America selections, 
reviews of the collegiate 
basket ball season of 
1905-6. and pictures of 
all the prominent college teams and 
individual players. Edited by H. A. 
Fisher, of Columbia. Price 10 cts. 




'^SPALDING ATHLETIC imRARYy^ 



Group VIII. Bowling 



Mfe 



Wo. 8— Spaldingr's Official 
BoTvlingr Guide. 

Edited by S. Karpf. 
Secretary of the Amer- 
ican Bowling Congress. 
The contents include: 
History of the sport; 
diagrams of effective de- 
liveries; how to bowl; a 
few hints to beginners; 
American Bowling Con- 
gress; the national 
championships; how to build an al- 
ley; how to score; spares — how they 
are made. Rules for cocked hat, 
cocked hat and feather, quintet, bat- 
tle game, nine up and nine down, 
head pin and four back, ten pins — 
liead pin out, five back, the Newport 
game, ten pin head. Price 10 cents. 



Group IX. 



Indoor 
Base Ball 



Ko. 9— Spalding's Official 1 
door Base Ball Guide. 

America's nat i o n a 1 
game is now vieing with 
other indoor games as a 
winter pastime. This 
book contains the play- 
ing rules, pictures of 
leading teams from all 
parts of the country, 
and interesting article 
on the game by leading 
authorities on the subject 
cents. 



Group X. 




Polo 




No. 10— Spalding's 
Official Roller 
Polo Guide. 

Edited by J. C. Morse 
A full description of the 
game; official rules, rec 
ords. Price 10 cents. 



JTo. 129— Water Polo. 

The contents of this 
l)ook treat of every de- 
tail, the individual work 
of the players, the prac- 
tice of the team, how 
to throw the ball, with 
Illustrations and many 
Taluable hints. Price 
10 cents. 






No. 199— equestrian Polo. 

Compiled by H. L. 
Fitzpatrick of the New 
York Sun. Illustrated 
v.ith portraits of lead- 
ing players and contains 
most useful information 
for polo players. Price 
10 cents. 

- ^^ Miscellane- 
GroupXI. ous Games 

No. 201 — Lacrosse. 

By William C. 
Schmeisser. c jV P t a i n | 
Johns Hopkins Univer- 
sity champion intercol- 
legiate lacrosse team of I 
1902; edited by Ronald | 
T. Abercrombie, ex-cap- 
tain and coach of Johns | 
Hopkins University la- 
crosse team. 1900-1904. 
Every position is thoroughly ex- 
plained in a most simple and concls* 
manner, rendering it the best manual 
of the game ever published. Illus- 
trated with numerous snapshots of 
important plays. Price 10 cents. 

No. 248— Archery. 

A new and up-to-date 
book on this fascinating 
pastime. Edited by Mr, 
Louis Maxson of Wash- 
ington, D. C, ex-Na- 
tional champion. Con- 
tains a history of arch- 
ery from its revival as a 
pastime in the eighteenth 
century to the present 
time, with list of winners and scores 
of the English Grand championships 
from 1844; National Archery Associa- 
tion of the United States winners 
and scores; the several varieties of 
archery; instructions for shooting; 
how to select implements; how to 
score; and a great deal of interest- 
ing information on the game. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 



No. 138— Spalding's 
Croquet Guide 

Contains directions for 
playing, diagrams of im- 
portant strokes, descrip- 
tion of grounds, instruc- 
tions for the beginner, 
terms used in the game, 
and the official playing 
rules. Price 10 cents. 



Official 




«^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LroRARY/7> 





No. 271— Spalding's Official 
Ro<iue Guide. 

The oflBcial publication 
of the National Roque 
Association of America. 
Edited by Prof. Charles 
Jacobus, ex-cham p i o n. 
Contains a description 
of the courts and their 
construction, diagrams 
of the field. illustra- 
tions, rules and valuable 
informatidn. Price 10 cents. 



No. 194 — Racquet.s, Sauash- 
Racciuets and Court Ten- 
nis. 

The need of an au- 
thoritative handbook at 
a popular price on those 
games is tilled by this 
book. How to play each 
game is thoroughly ex- 
plained, and all the dif- 
ficult strokes shown ])y 
special photo graphs 
taken especially for this 
book. Contains the official rules for 
each game, with photographs of 
wt'U-known courts. Price 10 cents. 



No 13— How to Play Hand 
Ball. 

By the world's cham- 
pion, Michael Egan, of 
Jersey City. This book 
has been rewritten and 
brought up to date in 
every particular. Every 
play is thoroughly ex- 
plained by text and 
diagram. The numerous 
illustrations consist of 
full pages made from photographs of 
Champion Egan, showing him in all 
his characteristic attitudes. Price 
10 cents. 



No. 167— Quoits. 

By M. \Y. Deshong. 
The need of a book on 
this interesting game 
has been felt by many 
who wished to know the 
fine points and tricks 
used by the experts. 
Mr. Deshong explains 
them, with illustrations. 
80 that a novice can 
readily understand. Price 10 cents. 




No. 170— Push Ball. 

Played with an air- 
inflated ball 6 feet in 
diameter, weighing about 
50 pounds. A side con- 
sists of eleven men. 
This book contains the 
oflicial rules and a 
sketch of the game; il- 
lustrated. Price 10 
cents. 



\o. 14— Curling. 







A short history of 
this famous Scottish 
pastime, with instruc- 
tions for play, rules of 
the game, definitions of 
terms and diagrams of 
different shots. Price 
10 cents. 



No. 207— Bow lingr on the 
Green; or, La^vn Bowls. 

How to construct a 
green; necessary equip- 
ment; how to play the 
game, and the oflScial 
rules as promulgated by 
the Scottish Bowling 
Association. Edited by 
Jjimes W. Greig. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 



No. 188 — Latvn Games. 



Contains the rules for 
Lawn Hockey, Garden 
Hockey, Hand Tennis, 
Tether Tennis; also Vol- 
ley Ball, Parlor Hockey, 
Badminton, Basket GoaU 
Price 10 cents. 



No. 189— Children's Games. 

Compiled by Jessie H. 
Bancroft, director of 
physical training, depart- 
ment of education, New 
York City. These games 
are intended for use at 
recesses, and all but the 
team games have been 
adapted to large classes. 
Suitable for children 
from three to eight years, and in- 
clude a great variety. Price 10 cts.. 





<^ ^SPALDING ATHLETIC imRARY/T ^ 




Group Xn. Athletics 

3fo. 12— Spalding's Official 
Athletic Almanac. 

Compiled by J. E. Sul- 
livan, Cliief Department 
Physical Culture, Louis- 
iana Purchase Exposi- 
tion, Director Olympic 
Games. 1904, Special 
Commissioner from the 
United States to the 
Olympic Games at Ath- 
ens, 1906, and President 
of the Amateur Athletic Union. The 
only annual publication now issued 
that contains a complete list of ama- 
teur best-on-records; complete inter- 
collegiate records; complete English 
records from 1866; swimming rec- 
ords; interscholastic records; Irish, 
Scotch, Continental, South African 
and Australasian records; important 
athletic events and numerous photos 
of individual athletes and leading 
athletic teams. Price 10 cents. 

No. 27— College Athletics. 

M. C. Murphy. the 
well-known athletic 
trainer, now with Penn- 
sylvania, the author of 
this book, has written it 
especially for the sch.x.l- 
I'Oy and college man. 
but it is invaluable for 
the athlete who wishes 

to excel in any branch 

of athletic sport. The subjects com 
pnse the following articles: Train- 
ing, starting, sprinting; how to train 
for the quarter, half, mile and longer 
SSS'' ^'^^^PS: high and broad 
.lumping, hurdling; pole vaulting; 
throwing the^ hammer. It is profusl^ 
iL I'^^f*'^*^ ^'^^ pictures of lead- 
ing athletes. Price 10 cents. 






No. 182-All. Around Ath- 
letics. 

, Gives In full the 
method of scoring the 
All-Around Cham p i o n- 
ship, giving percentage 
tables showing what 
each man receives for 
p a c h performance in 
each of the ten events. 
It contains as well in- 
*^ 4. , ^ strnctive articles on how 
to train for the All-Around Cham- 
pionship. Illustrated with many pic- 
tures of champions in action and 
scores at all-around meets. Price 
10 cents. 




No. 15«— Athlete's Guide. 

How to become an 
athlete. It contains full 
instructions for the be- 
ginner, telling how to 
srrint, hurdle, jump and 
throw weights, general 
hints on training; in 
fact, this book is one 
of the most complete on 
the subject that has 
ever appeared. Special chapters con- 
tain valuable advice to beginners and 
important A. A. U. rules and their 
explanations, while the pictures com- 
prise many scenes of champions in 
action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 87— Athletic Primer. 

Edited by James E. 
Sullivan. President of 
the Amateur Athletic 
Union. Tells how to oi*- 
ganize an athletic club, 
how to conduct an ath- 
letic meeting, and gives 
rules for the govern- 
ment of athletic meet- 
ings; contents also in- 
clude directions for building a track 
and laying out athletic grounds, and 
a very instructive article on train- 
ing; fully illustrated with pictures of 
leading athletes. Price 10 cents. 

No. 27.3— The Olympic Games 
at Athens, 1906. 

A complete account of 
the Olympic Games of 
1906, at Athens, the 
gieatest Internati o n a 1 
Athletic Contest ever 
held. Containing a short 
history of the games, 
story of the American , 
team's trip and their 

reception at Athens. I 

complete list of starters in every 
event; winners, their times and dis- 
tances; the Stadium; list of winners 
in previous Olympic Games at Ath- 
ens, Paris and St. Louis, and a great 
deal of other interesting information. 
Compiled by J. E. Sullivan. Special 
Commissioner from the United States 
to the Olympic Games. Price 10 cts. 

No. 252— How to Sprint. 

A complete and de- 
tailed account of how to 
train for the short dis- 
tances. Every athlete 
who aspires to be a 
sprinter can study this 
book to advantage and 
gain useful knowledge. 
Price 10 cents. 





g^SPALD 



ING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



rr 




No. 255— How to Run 100 
Yard 

By J. W. Morton, the 
noted British champion. 
Written by Mr. Morton 
during his recent Amer- 
ican trip, in 1905, es- 
pecially for boys. Mr. 
Morton knows how to 
handle his subject, and 
his advice and direc- 
tions for atta i n i n g 
speed, will undoubtedly be of im- 
mense assistance to the great ma- 
jority of boys who have to rely on 
printed instructions. Many of Mr. 
Morton's methods of training are 
novel to American athletes, but his 
success is the best tribute to their 
worth. Illustrated with photographs 
of Mr. Morton in action, taken es- 
pecially for this book in New York 
City. Price 10 cents. 

No. 174 — Distance and Cross- 
Country Running. 

By George Orton, the 

famous University of 
Pennsylvania runner. 
Tells how to become 
proficient at the quar- 
ter, half, mile, the 
longer distances, and 
c r o s s-country running 
and steeplechasing. with 
instructions for training 
and schedules to be observed when 
preparing for a contest. Illustrated 
with numerous pictures of leading 
athletes in action, with comments by 
the editor on the good and bad 
points shown. Price 10 cents. 

No. 240— Athletic Training 
for Schoolboys. 

This book is the most 
complete work of its 
kind yet attempted. The 
compiler is Geo. W. Or- 
ton, of the University 
of Pennsylvania, a fa- 
mous athlete himself 
and who is well quali- 
fied to give instructions 
to the beginner. Each 
the intercollegiate pro- 
treated of separately, 
both as regards method of training 
and form. By following the direc- 
tions given, the young athlete will 
be sure to benefit himself without the 
danger of overworking as many have 
done through ignorance, rendering 
themselves unfitted for their task 
when the day of competition arrived. 
Price 10 cents. 






No. 359— Weight Throwing. 

By James S. Mitchel, 
Champion American 
weight thrower, and 
holder of American, 
Irish, British and Cana- 
dian champio n s h i p s. 
Probably no other man 
in the world has had 
the varied and long ex- 
perience of James S. 
Mitchel in the weight throwing de- 
partment of athletics. The book is 
written in an instructive way, and 
gives valuable information not only 
for the novice, but for the expert as 
well. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

Ko. 55— Official Sporting 
Rules. 

Contains rules not 
found in other publica- 
tions for the government 
of many sports; rules 
for wrestling. shuffle- 
board, snowshoeing, pro- 
fessional racing, pigeon 
dying, dog racing, pistol 
and revolver shooting, 
British water polo rules, 
Rugby foot ball rules. Price 10 cts. 

ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES. 




Handbook 




No. 241— Official 
of the A.A.U. 

The A.A.U. is the 
governing body of ath- 
letes in the United 
States of America, and 
all games must be held 
under its rules, which 
are exclusively published 
in this handbook, and a 
copy should be in the 
hands of every athlete 
and every club officer in America. 
This book contains the official rules 
for running, jumping, weight throw- 
ing, hurdling, pole vaulting, swim- 
ming, boxing, wrestling, etc. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 217— Olympic Handbook. 

Compiled by J. E. Sul- 
livan. Chief Department 
Ph.vsical Culture, Louis- 
iana Purchase Exposi- 
tion, and Director Olym- 
pic Games. 1904. Con- 
tains a complete report 
of the Olvmpic Games 
of 1904, with list of 
records and pictures of 
hundreds of athletes; also reports of 
the games of 1896 and 1900. Price 
10 cents. 




< ^ SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/ 7a 



No. 293— Official Intercolle- 
griate A.A.A.A. Haudbooli:. 

Contains constitution, 
by-laws, laws of ath- 
letics and rules to gov- 
ern the awarding of the 
championship cup of the 
Intercollegiate Athletic 
Association of Amateur 
Arhletes of America, 
the governing body in 
college athletics. Con 
tains official intercollegiate records 
from 1876 to date, with the winner's 
name and time in each event, list of 
points won by each college, and list 
of officers of the association from 
1889. Price 10 cents. 




Group XIII. Athletic 
Accomplishments 



No. 




177— How to Swim, 

By J. H. Sterrett, 




No. 24.'5— Official Y.M.C.A. 
Handbook. 

Edited by G. T. Hep- 
bron, the well-known 
athletic authority. It 
contains the official rules 
governing all sports un- 
der the jurisdiction of 
the Y.M.C.A., a com- 
plete report of the 
physical directors' con- 
ference, official Y.M.C.A. 
scoring tables, pentathlon rules, many 
pictures of the leading Y.M.C.A. 
athletes of the country; official Y.M. 
C'.A. athletic rules, constitution and 
by-laws of the Athletic League of 
Y.M.C.A., all-around indoor test, vol- 
ley ball rules; illustrated. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 2S1— Official Handbook 
of the Public Schools 
Athletic Leagrne. 

This is the official 
handbook of the Public 
Schools Athletic League, 
which embraces all the 
public schools of Greater 
New York. It contains 
the official rules that 
govern all the contests 
of the league, and con- 
stitution, by-laws and 
officers. Edited by Dr. Luther Hal- 
sey Gulick, superintendent of phy- 
sical education in the New Y'ork 
public schools. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 274— Intercol- 
legiate Cross 
Conntry Hand- 
book. 

Contains constitution 
and by-laws, list of of- 
ficers, and records of the 
association. Price 10 
cents. 






leading American swim- 
ming authority. The in- 
structions will interest 
the expert as well as the 
novice; the illustrations 
were made from photo- 
graphs especially posed, 
showing the swimmer in 
clear water; a valuable 
feature is the series of "land drill" 
exercises for the beginner, which is 
Illustrated by many drawings. The 
contents comprise: A plea for educa- 
tion in swimming; swimming as an 
exercise and for development; land 
drill exercises; plain swimming; best 
methods of learning; the breast 
stroke, etc., etc. Price 10 cents. 

No. 29<i— Speed Swimmingr. 

By Champion C. M. 
Daniels of the New 
Y'ork Athletic Club team, 
holder of numerous 
American records, and 
the best swimmer in 
America qualified to 
write on the subject. 
Any boy should be able 
to increase his speed in 
the water after reading Champioa 
Daniels' instructions on the subject. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 128— How to Row. 

By E. J. Giannini, of 
the New York A. C, 
one of America's most 
famous amateur oars- 
men and champl o n s. 
This book will instruct 
any one who is a lover 
of rowing ' how to be- 
come an expert. It i» 
fully illustrated, show- 
ing how to hold the oars, the finish, 
of the stroke and other information 
that will prove valuable to the be- 
ginner. Price 10 cents. 
No. 23— Canoeing. 

Paddling, sailing, 
cruising and racing ca- 
noes and their uses; 
with hints on rig and 
management; the choice 
of a canoe; sailing ca- 
noes; racing regula- 
tions; canoe i n g and 
camping. P\illy illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 





g^SPALDING ATHLETIC UBRAHY //^ 





No. 209— How to Become a 
Skater. 

Contains advice for be- 
ginners; how to become 
a figure skater thorough- 
ly explained, with manj- 
diagrams showing how 
to do all the different 
tricks of the best figure 
skaters. Illustrated with 
pictures of prominent 
skaters and numerous 
diagrams. Trice 10 cents. 

No. 283- Official Roller 
Skating Guide. 

Contains directions for 
becoming proficient as a 
fancy and trick roller 
skater, and rules for 
roller skating. Pictures 
of prominent trick skat- 
ers in action. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 178— HoTT to Train for 
Bicycling-. 

(Jives methods of the 
best riders when train- 
ing for long or short 
distance races; hints 
on training. Revised 
and up-to-date in every 
jjarticular. Price 10 
cents. 

Group m. «^?1J 

No. 140— Wrestling. 

Catch as catch can 
style. By E. H. Hitch- 
cock, M.D., of Cornell, 
and R. F. Nelligan. of 
Amherst College. The 
l)00k contains n e a r 1 y 
seventy illustrations of 
the different holds, pho- 
tographed especially and 
so described that any- 
body who desires to become expert 
in wrestling can with little effort 
learn every one. Price 10 cents 



No. 18— Fencing. 

P.y Dr. Edward Breck. 
of Boston, editor of the 
Swordsman, and a promi- 
nent amateur fencer. A 
book that has stood the 
test of time, and is uni- 
versally acknowledged to 
be a standard work. II- 
Price 10 cents. 








lustrated. 



No. 1G2— Boxing Guide. 

For many years books 
have been issued on the 
art of boxing, but it 
has remained for us to 
arrange a book that we 
think is sure to fill all 
demands. It contains 
over 70 pages of illus- 
trations showing all the 
latest blows, posed es- 
pecially for this book under the 
supervision of a well-known instruc- 
tor of iioxing. who makes a specialty 
of teaching and knows how to im- 
part his knowledge. Price 10 cents. 

No. 165— Tlie Art of Fencing. 

This is a new book by 
liegis and Louis Senae, 
of New York, famous 
instructors and leading 
authorities on the sub- 
ject. Messrs. vSenac give 
in detail how every 
move should be made, 
and tell it so clearly 
chat anyone can follow 
the instructions. Price 10 cents. 

No. 23G— How to Wrestle. 

Without question the 
most complete and up- 
to-date l)ook on wrest- 
ling that has ever been 
printed. Edited by F. 
R. Toombs, and devoted 
principally to special 
poses and illustrations 
l)y George H a c k e n- 
schmidt, the "Russian 
Lion." Price 10 cents. 

No. 102— Ground Tumbling. 

By Prof. Henry Walter 
Worth, who was for 
years physical director 
of the Armour Institute 
of Technology. A n y 
boy, by reading this 
book and following the 
instructions, can become 
proficient. Price 10 cents. 
No. 2SJ)— Tumbling for Ama- 
teurs, rpj^jg ,j^^,j. ^.jjg special- 
ly compiled for the use 
of amateurs by Dr. 
James T. Gwathmey, 
director of the Vander- 
bilt University Gymnas- 
ium. Nashville, Tenn. 
Every variety of the pas- 
time is explained by 
text and pictures, the 
latter forming a very important fea- 
ture of the book, over 100 different 
positions being shown. Price 10 cts. 






'^SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY /7= 




full page 




No. 191— How to Punchi tlie 

^"^' By W. H. Rothwell' 

("Young Corbett"). This 
book is undoubtedly the 
best treatise on bag 
punching that has ever 
been printed. Every va- 
riety of blow used in 
training is shown and 
explained. The pictures 
c ni p rise thirty-three 
reproductions of Young 
Corbett as he appears while at work 
in his training quarters. The photo- 
graphs were taken by our special ar- 
tist and cannot be seen in any other 
publication. Fancy bag punching is 
treated by a well-known theatrical 
bag puncher, who shows the latest 
tricks. Price 10 cents. 

No. 143— Indian Clubs and 
Dnmb-Bells. 

Two of the most pop- 
ular forms of home or 
gymnasium exe r c i s e. 
Ttiis book is written by 
A m e r i ca's amateur 
champion club swinger, 
J. H. Dougherty. It is 
clearly illustrated, by 
which any novice can 
become an expert. Price 10 cents. 

No. 166— How to Swing In- 
dian CInbs. 



Bv Prof. E. B. War 
man, the well-known ex 
ponent of physical cul 
ture. By following the 
directions carefully any 
one can become an ex- 
pert. Price 10 cents. 



No. 200— Dumb-Bells. 

This is undoubtedly 
the best work on dumb- 
bells that has ever been 
offered. The author, 
Mr. G. Bojus, was for- 
merly superintendent of 
physical culture in the 
Elizabeth (N. J.) public 
schools, instructor at 
Columbia University (New 
York), instructor for four years at 
the Columbia summer school and is 
now proprietor of the Park Place 
Gymnasium, at 14 Park Place, New 
York City. The book contains 200 
photographs of all the various exer- 
cises with the instructions in large, 
readable type. It should be in the 
hands of every teacher and pupil of 
physical culture, and is invaluable 
for home exercise. Price 10 cents. 







No. 263— Medicine Ball Ex- 
ercises. 

This book is not a 
technical treatise, but a 
series of plain and prac- 
tical exercises with the 
medicine ball, suitable 
for boys and girls, busi- 
ness and professional 
men, in and out of gym- 
nasium. Lengthy ex- 
planation and technical 
nomenclature have been avoided and 
illustrations used instead. The exer- 
cises are fascinating and attractive, 
and avoid any semblance of drud- 
gery. Edited by W. J. Cromie, 
physical director Germantown (Pa.) 
Y.M.C.A. Price 10 cents. 

No. 29— Pnlley "Weight Exer- 
cises. 

By Dr. Henry S. An- 
derson, instructor in 
heavy gymnastics Yale 
gymnasium, Ander son 
Normal School, Chautau- 
qua University. In con- 
junction with a chest 
njachine anyone with 
this book can become 
perfectly developed Price 10 cents. 

No. 233— Jin Jitsn. 

A complete description 
of this famous Japanese 
system of self-defence. 
Each move thoroughly 
explained and illustrat- 
ed with numerous full- 
page pictures of Messrs. 
A. Minami and K. Ko- 
yama, two of the most 
famous exponents of the 
art of Jiu Jitsu, who posed esipe- 
cially for this book. Be sure and 
ask for the Spalding Athletic Library 
book on Jiu Jitsu, Price 10 cents. 



Group XV. 

Gymnastics 

No. 104— The Grading of 
Gymnastic Exercises. 

By G. M. Martin, 
Physical Director of the I 
Y. M, C, A, of Youngs- 
town, Ohio. It is a 
book that should be in 
the hands of every phy- 
sical director of the 
Y. M. C. A., school, 
club, college, etc. Price 10 cents. 





gX \SPALDING ATHLETIC LffiRARY/T ^ 




No. 214— Grade<l Calisthen- 
ics and Dnmb-Bell Drills. 

By Albert B. Weg- 
ouei-, Physical Director 
Y. M. C. A., Rochester, 
N. Y. Ever since graded 
apparatus work has 
bt-ea used in gymnas- 
tics, the necessity of 
having a mass drill that 
would harmonize with it 
has been felt. For years 
it has been the established custom in 
most gymnasiums of memorizing a 
set drill, never varied from one 
year's end to the other. Conse- 
quently the beginner was given the 
same kind and amount as the older 
member. With a view to giving uni- 
formity the present treatise is at- 
tempted. Price 10 cents. 



No. 254 — Barnjnni 
Bar Bell Drill. 




Edited by Dr. R. Tait 
McKenzie, Director Phy- 
sical Training, Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania. 
Profusely illustr a t e d. 
Price 10 cents. 



No. 158— Indoor and Outdoor 
Gymnastic Games. 

Without question one 
of the best books of its 
kind ever published. 
Compiled by Prof. A. M. 
( hesley, the well-known 
Y. M. C. A. physical di- 
rector. It is a book 
that TVill prove valuable 
to indoor and outdoor 
g y m nasiums. schools, 
outings and gatherings where there 
are a number to be amused. The 
games described comprise a list of 
120, divided into several groups. 
Price 10 oents^. 

No. 124 — How to Become a 
Gymnast. 







\o. 2S7— Fancy Dumb Bell 
and Marching: Drills. 

By W. J. Cromie, 
Physical Director Ger- 
mantown (Pa.) Y.M. 
C.A. The author says: 
All concede that games 
and recreative exercises 
during the adolescent 
period are preferable to 
set drills and monoton- 
ous movements. If we 
can introduce this game-and-play 
element in our gymnastic exercises, 
then dumb bells will cease to be the 
boy's nightmare, and he will look 
forward with expectancy to mass 
work as much as he formerly did to 
"shooting a goal." These drills, 
while designed primarily for boys, 
can be used successfully with girls 
and men and women. Profusely il- 
lustrated. Price 10 cents. 



Group XVI. 



Physical 
Culture 




By Robert Stoll, of 
the New York A. C, the 
American champion on 
the flying rings from 
1885 to 1892. Any boy 
who frequents a gym- 
nasium can easily fol- 
low the illustrations and 
instructions in this book 
and with a little prac- 
tice become proficient on the hori- 
zontal and parallel bars, the trapeze 
or the "horse." Price 10 cents. 






No. 161— Ten Minutes' Exer- 
cise for Busy Men. 

By Dr. Luther Halsey 
Culick, Director of Phy- 
sical Training in the 
New York public schools. 
Anyone who is looking 
for a concise and com- 
lltte course of physical 
education at home would 
do well to procure a 
copy of this book. Ten 
minutes' work as directed in exercise 
anyone can follow. It already has 
had a large sale and has been highly 
recommended by all who have fol- 
lowed its instructions. Price 10 cte. 

No, 20S— Physical Education 
and Hygiene. 

This is the fifth of 
the Physical Training 
series, by Prof. E. B. 
Warman (see Nos. 142, 
149, 166, 185, 213, 261, 
290). A glance at the 
contents will show the 
variety of subjects: Chap- 
ter I — Basic principles; 
l(»ngevity. Chapter II — 
Hints on eating; food values; the 
uses of salt. Chapter III — Medicinal 
value of certain foods. Chapter IV — 
The efficacy of sugar; sugar, food 
for muscular work; eating for 
strength and endurance; fish as 
brain food; food for the children. 
Chapter V — Digesitibility; bread; ap- 
pendicitis due to flour, etc., etc. 
Price 10 centsi. 




g ^ SPALDING 



ATHLETIC LIB 



RARY/j^ 






No. 149— The Care] of tlie Body. 

A book that all who 
value health should read 
and follow its instruc- 
tions. By Prof. E. B. 
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I^^^QQ^^S 






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By Prof. E. B. War- 
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Well; Keep 



H 




C. M. DANIELS. 



Spalding Athletic Library 

GROUP XIII. (r=5---5) NO. 296 (?=^s^s§) 



SPEED 
SWIMMING 



By 

C. M. DANIELS 

Assisted by 
L. DE B. HaNDLEY and OtTO WaHLE 










PUBLISHED BY 

American Sports Publishing Compan\^ 

21 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK 
Copyrighted, 1907. by American Sports Publishing Co 



Tto Cooles Received ' 
MAV y |90; 
yi Cooynght Entry 

Copy a. | 




L. deB. handley/ 



CONTENTS 



Preface 
Introduction 
Learning to Swim . 

Preparatory Land Exercises 

Hints to the Beginner . 

The Breast Stroke 

The Side Stroke . 

The Trudgeon 

The Crawl 

Swimming on the Back 
Competitive Swimming- 
How to Choose One's Distance 

How to Train for a Race 

Hints About Racing 
Floating and Diving 

Plunge for Distance 

Diving 

Front Dive 

Back Dive 
Ornamental Swimming— 

The Rolling Log 

Swimming Like a Dog 

Somersaults 

Sculling . 

Swimming Backward 

The Torpedo 

The Ship . 

The Top . 

Monte Cristo 
What to Wear 




OTTO WAHLE, 

New York A.C.; Member of A.A.U. Record Committee and World's 
Swimming Authority. 



PREFACE 

In undertaking the task of giving to the public a short 
treatise on swimming I recognized the wisdom of obtainmg 
the collaboration of someone well versed in theoretical as 
well as practical swimming. In looking about me I soon re- 
alized that I could do no better than in applying to either 
Mr. L. de B. Handley, or Mr. Otto Wahle. Both had had a 
brilliant competitive career; both had followed closely the 
development of swimming at home and abroad, and though 
only amateurs, had coached with as much success as any 
professionals in the country. I was fortunate in finding them 
only too glad to assist me, and with their aid I put together 
this book, trying to condense into a few pages all that could 
be useful to the swimmer, aiming at clearness and brevity, 
and omitting all unnecessary stuff. 

Most of the illustrations are from photographs posed for 
by representative exponents of the strokes, but owing to the 
difficulty experienced in getting proper effects with the camera, 
through water, I deemed it advisable to pose them on terra 
firma. As a consequence, in several cases the body is so strained 
as to give a slightly erroneous impression, but the positions of 
the arms and legs are accurate both individually and in respect 
to each other, and the only fault lies m the fact that the legs 
are at times too far below the surface. The line drawn across illus- 
trations indicates approximate water-line. In taking these posi- 
tions in the water, however, the body will, of itself, correct the 
fault, and unconsciously the right balance will be established. 

C. M. Daniels, 




I 1 1 i ^ 



^^ 




J^:' 
^1:. 





TEACHING THE NOVICE. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



INTRODUCTION 

Whole volumes have been devoted to telling why every man 
and woman should know how to swim, but the reasons may be 
concisely condensed into three: Swimming is a pleasant pas- 
time ; it is an exercise which develops the body symmetrically 
and thoroughly; and it is often the means of protecting and 
saving life. 

As a pastime it has few equals. The pleasures of bathing, 
whether outdoors in summer, or in a natatorium in winter, can 
only be fully appreciated by the good swimmers. The average 
man tires after a few spasmodic strokes and cannot possibly 
experience that exhilarating feeling that comes to the expert as 
he glides swiftly and easily through the "treacherous element" 
with absolute confidence in himself. 

Of the hygienic value of swimming, little need be said. Its 
very cleanliness insures hygiene; for cleanliness is the founda- 
tion of good health, just as uncleanliness is the primary cause 
of disease. But on the subject of swimming as physical culture 
many erroneous beliefs are held which need correcting. To 
begin with, there are few exercises that will develop the body 
as symmetrically as will swimming; and by symmetrically I 
mean proportionately and from head to foot, with no muscle 
developed at the expense of another. One often hears the re- 
mark made that a swimmer has no muscles at all. It is true, 
in a way. He shows none of the bulging, knotty muscles of the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 9 

professional poser. But those clean, smooth arms and legs oi 
his are blessed with the only muscles that will benefit an ath- 
lete, the long, pliant, "workmg" muscles, that never tire and 
that don't know what it is to cramp or to bind. 

I have become so convinced of the value of swimming as an 
all round developer that 1 do not hesitate to advocate it as pre- 
liminary work for running, jumpijig, rowing, tennis, or any 
other branch of athletics, even to wrestling and weight lifting. 
There is no dou'bt that it improves the wind, and it has the 
great advantage of strengthening the muscles without hardening 
them. One emerges from a two or three weeks' period of train- 
ing in the pink of condition, yet feeling supple and free in every 
part of the body. And the very softness of one's muscles per- 
mits of the taking up of any other kind of exercise without 
fear of the soreness that comes from using another set of 
muscles than the one which has been hardened by exercising. 

An athlete of my acquaintance established, a few years ago, a 
world's record for that all round test called the Medley Race, 
in which six consecutive quarter miles have to be negotiated — 
walking, running, bicycling, horseback riding, rowing and swim- 
ming. I asked him one day how he ever managed to train for 
all these different events at the same time. "I didn't," he told 
me; "I tried it when this competition was first instituted and 
although my time in the race was indififerent, I finished quite 
exhausted. In my second attempt at the record, I decided to 
give a trial to a system advocated by Alex Meffert, and the only 
training I did, was to swim two quarter miles every afternoon 
at an interval of fifteen minutes. It proved most successful. I 
felt strong up to the finish, I experienced no soreness then or 
after, and although I clipped fully two minutes off my previous 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. U 

performance I crossed the line in splendid condition. I believe 
swimming had made my muscles so supple that there was noth- 
ing to tire or to bind, and my wind and endurance just carrried 
me through." 

Those coaches and trainers who forbid their men going into 
the water during training, are either crassly ignorant or know 
their wards too well to trust them. The average athlete be- 
haves a good deal like a boy in school and tries to take a yard 
every time he is conceded an inch. If you allow him to take a 
swim during the summer he will interpret the permission into 
meaning that he may lie around the water by the hour; or, if it 
is winter, that he may spend half the day between the hot room 
and the pool. Of course the next day he is unfit for work and 
complains of a tired feeling. Then the coach says : "Ah ! that 
swim," and anyone who says "swim" to him thereafter stirs up 
a row. I know, and no one can convince me to the contrary, 
that a daily swim of three or four minutes (as much as is 
needed to cover two or three hundred yards at a brisk pace) 
far from being injurious to an athlete will increase his snap and 
dash. 

Coming next to the question of its usefulness, it is undoubted 
that every man owes it to himself to be able to swim. We 
live so much on, in, and near the water that there are daily 
possibilities of being called upon to use our knowledge of swim- 
ming. : Is not the fact that by it we may save ourselves, or oth- 
ers, from a ghastly death by drowning, a sufficient incentive to 
have us incur a little trouble in learning? What tragedies could 
be averted were everyone to give the subject a little thought. 

There seems to be a prevalent belief among parents that chil- 
dren should not be taught to swim until they are over ten years 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 

old and that to teach them younger is injurious to their heaUh. 
Where the idea could have emanated, it is hard to understand, 
but it is rank nonsense. I have seen in England youngsters 
under seven who could use the complicated speed strokes just 
as prettily as grown-up experts, and their ruddy cheeks and 
sturdy young frames were tangible enough proofs of their not 
having suffered from their early training. It is the duty of 
every father and mother to see that dieir children are taught 
at the most tender age. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. I5 



LEARNING TO SWIM 



Before beginning the instructive text of this book I want to 
say a word in regard to a question that swimming teachers and 
coaches are often asked. It is : "Why are not all swimmers 
taught the same stroke in the same way?" The query is nat- 
ural, for one seldom sees two men swim alike, even when they 
are using the same stroke. Nevertheless those men have un- 
doubtedly been taught in identically the same way; onh% in each 
case the individuality of the pupil has asserted itself, and so^ 
while both men are going through the movements as taught 
them, they are doing so in the manner best suited to their per- 
sonality. If you want to realize what I mean, ask a few men 
to lift their arms above their head as in the first position of the 
trudgeon stroke and see if they don't all hold them up in a 
different way. Each is assuming his natural position and he 
Vv'ill assume it when learning the stroke in the water. Now, 
how can you expect these men to swim alike when they don't 
even hold their limbs in the same way? To the man with ab- 
normal development of the shoulders an extreme reach is neith- 
er possible nor advisable ; it would be a decided strain to him 
and he will tire much sooner than if a shorter one is used. To 
the supple, slight man, instead, there will be no difficulty in 
reaching cut and he will benefit by the added length of his 
stroke. The same may be said of every other part of the stroke. 
And has the reader ever considered how an imperceptible change 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 

of time will affect the entire stroke? Of course it is not possi- 
ble to get arms and legs to start automatically at the exact frac- 
tion of a second, nor is it likely that the same time would suit 
everyone; inclination is a factor not to be disregarded. 
[ The lesson to be learned from this is that the best results are 
obtained by adapting the various movements to one's build; not 
by changing them, but by using them in such a manner as to 
place no unnatural strain on any part of the bod3\ 



PREPARATORY LAND EXERCISES. 

Paradoxical though it may seem, the movements necessary in 
swimming are best acquired out of water and I strongly ad- 
vise the begmner to go through a period of land exercise before 
attempting to learn. Especially in the case of women and chil- 
dren I have found the system excellent. The fact is, people 
often have a morbid dread of the water (born probably of un- 
familiarity with it) and get so nervous in it tha-t they are quite 
unable to keep their mind properly on what they are doing, 
while you teach them. On land, the action of both arms and 
legs, the correct way of breathing, and the respective time of all 
three can be practiced at ease until they become so familiar as 
to be gone through instinctively when one enters the water. 

The different parts of the stroke should first be taken up 
separately, beginning with the legs, then the arms and breathing, 
and finally all together. 

To master the leg movement, stand with heels together and 
hands on the hips. Lift right leg off the ground, pointing the 
knee outward until the heel almost touches the left knee, then 
straighten it out so that the ankles are about two feet apart and 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19 

bring it briskly down to starting position. Do the same with 
the left leg and proceed, alternating them. 

To learn the arm stroke, begin by placing the hands at the 
height of the chest, about a foot below the chin, palms down, 
fingers close and pointing before you. Push the hands out par- 
allel to the ground until they are at full length. Turn palms 
outward (thumb down) and bring arms back, stiff at the elbow 
and still parallel to the ground, until they are at right angles to 
the body. In other words, let them describe a quarter of a circle. 
Then bend the elbow backwards and gradually turning the palms 
•down again, return to original position. Repeat until familiar 
Avith. 

In breathing, you should inhale through the mouth and exhale 
through the nostrils. Inhale -while the arms are coming back 
and exhale while they go forward. A suggestion made by the 
Hon. Sydney Holland I have found to work wonders. He tells 
novices to blow their hands away from them. The breathing in 
swimming should be easy, not short and hard. Begin to inhale 
as soon as the hands start down and manage so that you will 
just have filled your lungs by the time they reach the chest. 
Begin to exhale as they start forward and continue until they 
are on the full reach. 

Now take the stroke all together. Start with the arms stretched 
out before you and as you bring them back, take a deep, slow 
breath. When the hands are about to reach the chest, bring up 
the right leg; as the hands go forward straighten the leg out 
and when they are about to become extended, snap it down 
alongside of the other. On the next stroke let the left leg do its 
work, and continue, alternating them. 

Before entering the water it is advisable to learn to use both 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 

legs at the same time in connection with the rest of the stroke. 
You can do this by lying face down on a stool or chair. The 
position is not a very comfortable one, but you only need do a 
few minutes at a time of it and the work will certaintly benefit 
you a lot. 

In some books I have seen land drills for the trudgeon and 
crawl advocated as instructive. Personally, while I believe them 
an excellent exercise for developing the body, I do not think 
they teach anything. The strokes are far too complicated. It is 
an entirely different matter from the simple breast stroke move- 
ments, and it will be found much more satisfactory not to lose 
any time at them. 



HINTS TO THE BEGINNER. 

In undertaking the actual task of swimming, salt water is pre- 
ferable to fresh, because it has more sustaining power. Whether 
you have indulged in land exercises or not you will find it hard 
to support yourself, at first, and if you can find water about four 
or five feet deep, where you can touch bottom at will, if you get 
nervous, I should advise your doing so. 

Most instructors are in favor of cork belts, white wings, in- 
flated bags, and other floating devices for beginners ; but I think 
them a mistake. Swimming is entirely a question of balance, as 
the body floats naturally, and all artificial buoying-up destroys 
the right idea of how to hold one's self. I realize that one learns 
more readily when no efi^ort has to be made to keep above water, 
but there is a way of giving support without affecting the bal- 
ance. Place a canvas belt or a strip of cloth around your chest, 
tie a thin piece of rope to it and attach the end of this rope to a 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 23 

short Stick, as on Page 6. The instructor or a friend can hold the 
stick while you practice, placing on it only sufficient pressure to 
keep you afloat. How little this is you will understand by watch- 
ing a performer in the plunge for distance; without moving a 
muscle he keeps on the surface indefinitely. The belt system has 
the advantage of allowing the holder to gradually diminish the 
sustaining pressure until, without being conscious of it, one 
swims without support. 

If you cannot find help it may be best, in case of nervous- 
ness, to provide yourself with white wings or an inflated bag; 
then let out the air a little at a time, until 3'ou become used to 
swimming without props at all. 

The position of the body is an all-important matter in swim, 
ming, for it is position that insures the proper balance. One 
often sees the beginner floundering along with head thrown back 
to such an angle that it looks about to fall ofT, and this, besides 
placing a terrible strain on the neck, brings the feet far too low 
in the water, retarding progress. The position is generally due 
to faulty breathing, for in breathing properly there is no need 
to crane the neck to get air. Just watch a good swimmer of 
the breast stroke and notice his easy position, half the time 
mouth is under water as on Page 10. That is the correct way to 
carry the head. While the arms are coming back, their applied 
power lifts the body and brings the mouth well above water; 
then is the time to inhale ; later, as the hands go forward, the 
mouth sinks below the surface and one exhales under water, 
preferably through the nostrils. Pay great attention to the 
"breathing, it is the secret of easy swimming. 

In learning to swnm never hurry the movements, haste is the 
negation of form and you can only acquire the correct stroke by 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25 

making every move a slow, careful one, thinking all the time 
of what you are doing. 

If you have taken no preparatory land exercise before tackling 
the stroke, or if you find that the movements don't come to you 
at once in the water, you had better try the various parts sep- 
arately, as advocated previously, until you have mastered them 
thoroughly. 

# 
THE BREAST STROKE. 

Racing men as a rule are wont to look upon the breast stroke 
as useless and obsolete as proved by the fact that efforts have 
"been made to have it stricken from the list of championship 
•events. 

The men guilty of this senseless move can not have given the 
subject very careful consideration. On a long swim, whether 
forced on one by chance or taken for pleasure, nothing is more 
restful than a short change from the speed strokes to the breast. 
And as to its usefulness, it is the only stroke, barring the back 
•stroke, that will allow one to make shore with a victim in case 
of a rescue from drowning. 

To learn the breast stroke, lie comfortably on the surface so 
that your feet are only a few inches below it and your mouth is 
just under water. Place legs together and straight, toes pointing 
T3ack, arms extended in front, hands touching, fingers closed, and 
palms down. In starting to swim, turn the palms outward, 
thumbs down, and, keeping the elbow stiff, draw the arms back 
just below the surface and parallel to it until at right angles to 
the body; then bend the elbow backward and gradually turning 
-the palms down, bring the hands together at the chest; then 
shoot them forward to starting position. The legs are not moved 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 

until the hands approach the chest, then they are drawn up, 
knees out, heels together; when the hands start forward the 
legs are kicked out straight without closing them, and as the 
arms get to the full reach the legs are snapped sharply together. 
In this position the body, driven by the impetus of the kick, is 
allowed to "slide" until the momentum is all but exhausted, when 
the arms are started again. Of course, though the various parts 
of the stroke are described separately, in action they are run into 
one another so closely as to produce a smooth, • continuous 
motion. 

THE SIDE STROKE. 

I hesitated some time before giving this stroke space. It is 
one of the- racing strokes that has seen its day, and is slowly 
passing away. Nevertheless it is used by many coaches to pre- 
pare the pupil for the more compHcated trudgeon, and it un- 
doubtedly facilitates the acquisition of the scissor kick so I will 
give the way to learn it. 

The body rests on the water with one shoulder down, and it 
will be well, at first, -to hang on to some stationary support to 
practice this kick. It is absolutely different from the old frog 
kick and not easy to learn properly, so don't get discouraged if 
3-ou fail to become perfect after half an hour's trial. Things 
that are worth while do not come as rapidly as that. The first 
movement of the scissor kick consists in bringing the upper 
leg forward quite stiff at the knee and the under one back to a 
kneeling position. The under leg should not be moved from the 
hip, but from the knee. The action of the scissor kick should 
be front and back, just as in walking, with no side motion at 
all. When the toes of the under leg are two to three feet from 



SPALDING'S ATHLETTC LIBRARY. 29 

tne heel of the upper one (according to one's size) the legs are 
brought smartly together. The ankles are bent up just as the 
legs separate and then return to their original position as the 
legs close. Particular pains should be taken to keep the upper 
leg rigid ; it comes instinctively to bend it and unless you exag- 
gerate in practice you will not hold it properly later. In bending 
the knee, a resisting surface is presented to the water which off- 
sets all the good derived from the kick. The opening of the 
legs should be done very slowly, as a sudden movement in this^ 
acts like a brake, and they should be brought together with a 
snap. It is a fault to open the legs too wide, as it increases the 
resistance. 

For the arm action, place your arms above the head, palms 
turned away from the face. Bring upper arm down smartly, with 
elbow rigid, hand the least bit spooned, fingers together. Carry 
through the water just below the surface, describing a semi- 
circle to end at the thigh, then bend the elbow and bring it for- 
ward well above water until on the full reach again. The under 
arm should be started just as the upper one finishes and brought 
down parallel to it, so that it brushes the lower thigh ; then the 
elbow is bent and the arm is shot forward below the surface^ 
palm down. Breath is taken as the upper arm comes down and 
exhaled as the under arm goes forward. The legs are opened as 
the upper arm starts down, and snapped back as it finishes. The 
side stroke should give a smooth run with no jerks. 

THE TRUDGEON. 
A thing which I omitted in the side stroke, but now becomes a 
necessity, is a coach. This point I must emphasize before pro- 
ceeding any further. Swimming is a sport different from most 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 31 

Others inasmuch as the pupil cannot see what he is doing and 
often falls into serious faults without being aware of it. These, 
if not corrected at once, become chronic. The coach should be 
an expert, if possible,'though anyone is better than no one; only, 
it is essential that faults should be corrected and the uninitiated 
cannot very well tell you how. 

The trudgeon is the least tiring of strokes, when its relative 
speed is considered, and may be used for any distance. It is 
my opinion that a judicious alternating of the breast and the 
trudgeon will tire less and give better results than the use of the 
under- and over-arm side strokes. 

The trudgeon is a double over-arm stroke combined with the 
above described scissor kick. In not a few cases, however, it has 
been modified by an additional fluttering of the lower leg as the 
under arm goes forward. This keeps the body moving until the 
tipper arm is ready to start downward again. That the name of 
trudgeon should be given to this new form of stroke is rather 
odd, as it does not resemble it very closely, but then, ''trudgeon" 
has come to be a sort of generic appellation to be given to any 
variety of double over-arm. 

In learning the trudgeon the swimmer should take up the 
more simple kind, adding the crawl flutter later, if found ad- 
visable. The kick is the first thing to study and if one has tried 
the side stroke the arm action only will have to be practiced, as 
the scissor kick is used in both. I will remark here, though, that 
it is a great mistake to pass from one part of the stroke to an- 
other until the first has been thoroughly mastered. The trud- 
geon is. far too complicated a stroke to allow of its being learned 
all together. Therefore, until that scissor kick is perfect, do not 
attempt to go any further. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 33 

When you feel confident of being an adept kicker, take up 
breathing. It is essential that this most important part of the 
stroke be acquired before bothering with the arms. To learn 
to breathe properly, lie flat on the water, face down, and begin 
by freeing the lungs of air, blowing it out under water, slowly 
and easily. Do not attempt to clear the lungs with one power- 
ful blow, but let the air out gradually; it should take at least 
three or four seconds. This done, turn your head from the 
shoulders, to the side the upper arm is going to be, and take a 
long, deep breath, without haste. When the lungs are full, twist 
the head back and exhale under water as before, through the 
nostrils. Repeat until the method has lost its strangeness. 

In choosing a side to swim on, consult inclination. If you feel 
more comfortable on the right, adopt that side, but if you are 
equally at ease on both sides, swim with the right shoulder down, 
as this brings up the left flank and relieves the heart of a good 
deal of pressure that is placed upon it in swimming the other way. 

For the arm movement let the body rest on the water with 
hands at full reach above the head, palms down. This is the 
first and last position of the stroke. In catching the water the 
body is rolled a little and the head twisted around to "bring the 
mouth above the surface. The palms are turned a wee bit to 
the side the body turns, and the upper arm is brought down with 
a strong, steady pull — elbow fairly rigid, wrist the least bit bent 
down, fingers together — until straight down alongside, then the 
elbow is bent and the arm brought forward well above water. 
The semi-circle described by the arm in the trudgeon is not like 
in the side stroke, parallel to the water, but almost at right 
angles to it. It is at right angles to the body, really, and as 
the body is rolled, the angle becomes more acute. Some men. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 35 

in swimming distance, roll until the arms are at an angle of about 
45 degrees. The under arm is started just as the upper finishes^ 
except in some cases. I have seen distance men "slide" for sev- 
eral yards, holding the upper arm alongside and the under one 
on the full reach, to be brought down only as the momentum 
died away. The under arm follows the same orbit that does the 
upper one, almost parallel to it; as it reaches its completion the 
body is rolled back on its face, the elbow bent, and the arm shot 
forward as the other, clear of the water; just as it gets to the 
full reach the upper arm is started down again. 

I have remarked already that in distance swimming the body- 
rolls strongly ; in sprinting, instead, it travels almost flat on the 
water, so that breath has to be taken by a rapid twist of the 
head from the shoulders. Also the elbows are bent a bit more in 
sprintinj to facilitate a quicker stroke, and instead of going 
straight down, they pull a little to each side, finishing at the 
hip instead of at the thigh. 

In swimming the whole stroke, the time to be followed is : 
Upper arm first ; legs are opened up as it starts and snapped 
together as it finishes ; under arm comes down next ; upper arm 
starts the recovery as the under arm catches the water and be- 
gins another stroke as the under arm lifts to go forward. Breath 
is inhaled while the upper arm is pulling and exhaled while the 
under arm recovers. 

THE CRAWL. 
This stroke, which experts have come to look upon as the 
stroke of the future, is a combination of an abbreviated over-arm 
and a peculiar leg drive learned by the Australians from the na- 
tives of the South Sea Islands. The leg drive cannot be called 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 37 

a kick; it is a continuous up and down alternate thrash of the 
lower legs from the knee down. In Australia the action of the 
arms and legs is synchronous, that is, the right arm comes back 
as the left leg goes down, and vice versa. In America, with few 
exceptions, the arms and legs are worked independently, and the 
thrash has a narrower scope, the legs being opened less. 

That our system is the best seems undoubted, if theory counts 
for anything in swimming. Mr. Robert Sandon, whom I con- 
sider one of the world's leading authorities on aquatic matters, 
explains the reason in a manner that I think convincing. He 
asks us to watch the flight of a flat stone that has been thrown 
hard along the surface of the water, and note its progress. So 
long as the flat side strikes the water it bounces on without a 
check until its momentum ceases, but, let even the smallest por- 
tion of it become immersed and it is brought to a sudden stop, 
its flight checked instantly, never mind how great its speed. Ap- 
ply this to swimming, now. In the trudgeon, or even in the 
Australian crawl, when swum easily, there is a time when the 
propelling forces pause, the body sinks lower in the water, and a 
check is noted; in some swimmers a very decided one. In the 
American crawl, instead, the continuous action of the legs keeps 
the body constantly in motion, so that there is no check or 
sinking and the stroke must perforce be faster. Of course, in 
sprinting with the Australian crawl the pause is so infinitesimal 
that there can be little advantage over it in the American stroke, 
but as it is very probable that eventually we will use the crawl 
for all distances, the point is not to be overlooked. A small 
number of Americans have adopted the Australian stroke, with 
its wide and synchronous thrash, but have added a fluttering of 
the feet between arm strokes, which makes the action continuous. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 39 

The relative time of the arms and legs, in the American crawl, 
can best be determined by the individual or his coach; one with 
strong arms and weak legs can adopt a rapid arm motion and a 
slow kick ; one with strong legs can do the contrary. This is 
one of the stroke's best features, for it can be fitted to each per- 
son. Some of our best men use the arms almost entirely, and 
one at least, Mr. H. J. Hand}-, of Chicago, lets his legs trail be- 
hind him. He tried the kick, but found he could not swim with- 
out tiring when using it, so he abandoned it. Others can go al- 
most as fast with legs alone as when using the arms. 

A good deal of discussion has been raised in regard to whether 
the ankles should move or not in the crawl. 'Mr. Gus Sundstrom, 
instructor at the New York Athletic Club, who was indirectly 
responsible for the introduction of the crawl in America and 
who has more speed with the leg drive alone than any man I 
have seen, not only bends the ankles back and forth, but he says 
it is by doing it that he gets his wonderful speed. His drive is 
more of a pedaling motion, he brings the toes up as the leg rises 
and points them down as the leg snaps back. A few of our 
swimmers also move the ankle a little, but most of them keep it 
rigid. At the present stage we cannot say positively which is 
the better method, but from Mr. Sundstrom's success we should 
say using them is. 

There are as many varieties of the crawl nowadaj's as there 
are men using it. No two sw^im it alike and each indulges in a 
little experimenting of his own. This wall gradually lead to 
progress, and it is probable that as the men discard the ineffi- 
cient details in favor of the successful ones, the different var- 
ieties will condense into definite strokes from which the best 
will eventually be picked. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 41 

To learn the American crawl, start with the arms. In fact, 
you will probably do well not to try the legs at all until you can 
swim a good fifty with your arms only. Lie flat on the water, 
with arms a little bent at the elbow and stretched out above your 
head. The wrists should be just beyond your head and the arms 
a little more open than in the trudgeon, hands bent down a little. 
Catch the water with a decided snap and drive them through at 
a brisk pace, always bent at the elbow, until they reach the hip, 
then lift them clear of the water and carry them forward with 
elbow well up in the air. The arms being started wider apart 
than in the trudgeon, they are also brought down further apart. 
The under arm is started just as the upper one finishes. 

For the kick, move the legs up and down alternately, keeping 
them stiff at the hip and holding the knees close together. There 
is little difficulty in learning this, if one knows how it should be 
done, but the best way, after reading the description, is to 
watch it in action. To imitate it without having read it up, is 
not easy, and to acquire it without seeing it is harder still, but 
with the help of both a few days of practice will be sufficient. 
Don't open the feet more than twelve or eighteen inches from 
heel to toe. The real difficulty in the crawl is in working the 
arms and legs into a smooth stroke, and also in learning to hold 
the tiring leg drive over a given distance. Both are a matter of 
practice. 

The position of the body in the crawl is flat on the face, much 
like when sprinting with the trudgeon ; there should be hardly 
any rolling and breath should be taken only every two or three 
strokes by a quick twist of the head as the upper arm is being 
brought down. The time for exhaling is as the under arm goes 
forward. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 43 

When the crawl is swum slowly, as it is over the distances, the 
arm stroke is lengthened, so as to resemble that of the trudgeon, 
and the legs are slowed according to the distance; then breath is 
taken at every stroke. 

SWIMMING ON THE BACK. 

Those few who are students of the back stroke have attempted 
to adapt the latest speed strokes to back swimming and while the 
success ac'.ieved has not proved decisively the superiority of any 
one form, there are three strokes now being used. .The first is a 
counterpart of the breast stroke, altered only enough to suit the 
different positions. The arms, instead of recovering in the water, 

c lifted into the air to get to the full reach, and the action much 
resembles that of a windmill. The second has this same arm 
action with the leg drive of the crawl, and the third is identical, 
except inasmuch as the arms move alternately as in the trudgeon, 
instead of together, as in the breast stroke. Of course, in alter- 
nating, a decided roll is given to the body. 

To learn the plain back stroke, lie flat on the water, as in 
floating, with arms fully extended above your head, hands flat, 
palms turned upward. This position also ends the stroke and 
should be held while the body is allowed to "run," after the legs 
have kicked. In bringing down the arms, catch the water sharply 
with hands back to back, palms outward, and pull them through 
with a steady pull, stiff at the elbow, describing a semi-circle just 
below the surface and parallel to it. When the arms are along- 
side, turn palms downward and keeping them rigid, carry them 
to the full reach by waving them up well clear of the water. 
The legs are held close together, toes down, until the arms start 
their recovery, then they are bent up, and open, just like in the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 45 

breast stroke kick, and they are snapped together as the arms 
attain the full reach, when the body, now in original position, is 
let "glide" until the momentum imparted by the kick wears off. 
Then another arm stroke is started. It is really the action and 
time of the breast stroke. 

For the two other varieties the work of each individual arm 
and leg is the same and the leg drive has been described 
in detail in connection with the crawl. The time, in either, may 
be suited to oneself as the arms and legs work independently 
of each other. 

Swimming on the back is best adapted to men with long, 
strong arms, so that tall people generally turn out its best ex- 
ponents. It is not a popular method of natation, and many 
look upon it as a very useless accomplishment. This it is not by 
any means, though, for in life saving it is used with g^reat 
success. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 47 



COMPETITIVE SWIMMING 

HOW TO CHOOSE ONE'S DISTANCE. 
Every man, in deciding to enter the competitive field as a 
swimmer has some idea as to whether he wants to become a 
sprinter or a distance swimmer, for nine times out of ten it 
is the reahzation of one's possibihties that leads to racing. In 
either case, there are but two strokes worth taking up, the trud- 
geon and the crawl. For a sprinter the crawl is undoubtedly the 
one to adopt and many maintain that it is also the fastest dis- 
tance stroke. Learned for the purpose, and timed accordmgly, 
there is no reason why it should not give the best results. The 
fact that it is admittedly the speediest sprinting stroke proves 
beyond question that the movements are the best and that it is 
merely a case of making them just slow enough to be held over 
the distance to be covered. Several swimmers have negotiated 
the mile in competition with it, so that we know it can be 
done. The aspirant to distance honors can lose nothing by giving 
it a trial; it is easy to revert to the trudgeon if it proves unsat- 
isfactory. And m advocating a trial, I do not mean for the 
candidate to try to hold the vertiginous fifty yard speed over a 
half mile or mile course, an attempt most novices make, but 
the swimming of easy stretches, say of two or three hundred 
yards, very slowly and paying close attention to form. Not one 
out of ten has a really good conception of pace, and few men 
seem even to appreciate that pace must be adjusted to the distance 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 49 

before one. They will start out on a long swim, especially if 
they are trying a stroke that is new to them, as if they were 
going only fifty yards, and of course they die out before the 
hundred mark is reached. I believe this to be the reason that at 
the appearance of both the trudgeon and the crawl everyone pre- 
dicted that they would never be held over the furlong. 

Whether it is best for one to become a sprinter or distance 
swimmer cannot very well be ascertained until a good deal of 
racing has been done. Everyone begins at the sprints, and it 
one is better fitted to the distances he will soon find it out with- 
out bcmg told. The knowledge comes mstinctively. 

In taking up racing, or in deciding to, the prospective competi- 
tor should bear in mind that the only way to succeed is to 
learn the stroke correctly and thoroughly before attempting any 
fast work at all. To race with a faulty stroke is snnply^ to de- 
velop and confirm one's faults and to doom oneself to mediocrity. 
Many youngsters who win their novice race, and possibly some 
other unimportant event by brute strength, firmly believe that 
they are on the high road to success, and neglect form alto- 
gether, with the resuh that they never accomplish anything. Form 
IS indispensable nowadays; we have progressed so far towards 
scientific swimming that even the most favored by nature will 
never reach the championship class unless through form. The 
temptation is great to start racing as soon as speed appears, and 
one's first prizes look very enticing, but a little self denial and 
early application will amply repay in the long run. 

HOW TO TRAIN FOR A RACE. 
It is probable that no two men train alike for a swimming 
race and it is quite certain that most of them should not train 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Gl 

alike. With the exception of a few generaHties no rockbound 
rules can be set down ; each must learn by experience what is 
best for him. Some men will only round into form after going 
through work that would send others stale in jig time; and 
again some thrive on food that w^ould be quite unfit for others. 
It IS a matter of idiosyncrasies. 

In regard to food I believe that a mixed diet, with meat in 
moderation and plenty of fresh vegetables and ripe fruit, can be 
recommended to everyone. Prominent dietiticians of the day 
have come to the conclusion that meat is not necessary to the 
training athlete, and it has been my experience' that fat produc- 
ing foods are best for the sw'immer. Meat, is said to give 
strength while keeping down weight, but an aquatic competitor 
does not want to be down fine, he w\\\ do much better work if a 
few pounds above normal. The extra avoirdupois adds to the 
buoyancy, makes impervious to cold, and gives that reserve en- 
ergy that is so often the deciding factor in a closely contested 
race. Eat heartily, therefore, and only avoid those notably in- 
digestible foods such as pastry, pork, veal, lobsters, etc. ; though 
indeed, in the early part of training even these may be taken in 
moderation with impunity, if thoroughly masticated. This eat- 
ing slowly and chewing the food properly is the great secret of 
a healthy digestion. During the fortnight preceding competi- 
tion, however, the swimmer should become discriminating and 
be extremely careful of what he eats and drinks. Ice w-ater is 
net conducive to digestion, in fact it retards it materially by 
low^ering the temperature of the stomach. Take of it sparingly 
throughout your training, and drink in preference cocoa, milk, 
water at an even temperature; or, ale, beer and claret in small 
quantities. Between meals good filtered, or spring water, is most 



SrALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 53 

beneficial. Coffee, tea, intoxicants, stimulants, and drugs of all 
kinds had best be left alone altogether in training, and tobacco 
should not be used under any consideration. 

One more very important point and I pass to the work to be 
done. Don't cut your sleep. Sleep is nature's great panacea for 
all ills, its own means of replenishing the exhausted storage bat- 
teries of strength and energy. If we want to be in good condition 
we must give her sufficient time to do her good work. Plenty of 
sleep is an absolute necessity to the training athlete; he should 
have at least eight hours a night. Staying up late is also bad 
for you. even if you get your eight hours; the hours before mid- 
night are the most beneficial and your curfew should not ring 
later than 10.30. 

In regard to work, much depends on the distance in sight, on 
the time at one's disposal, and on the constitution of the swim- 
mer. A distance man requires more time than a sprinter, a 
strong constitution allows more work than a' w^eak one and, of 
course, if you have one or three months to train in makes all 
the difference in the division of your training. In no case, how- 
ever, should less than a month be taken. 

Experience is really the only efficient teacher ; each man must 
work out his own system, or his coach must do it for him, but 
for the novice I can advocate one that having proved satisfac- 
tory in many instances may be safely recommended. It will 
serve the purpose until a personal system has been evolved. 

Most novices, either through anxiety to enter competition, or 
through ignorance of what should be, limit their training time 
to two or three weeks, so that 1 will not extend it to over a 
month, but I will advise a longer period whenever it is possible. 

The first week should be devoted to improving the general con- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 55 

dition of the body and almost any kind of healthy exercise will 
do this. It should be borne in mind, though, that to swim, the 
muscles must be supple so that any work so heavy as to harden 
them is detrimental to speed. Running, lifting heavy dumbbells, 
wrestling and like exercises are not advisable. A daily swim, 
during the first week, is beneficial but not essential. If you swim 
every day take only short, easy stretches of fifty and one hun- 
dred yards-, going through the movements slowly, so as to ac- 
quire form. 

During the second week the land exercises should be cut down 
to a very few minutes, and the swims lengthened. It is only by 
perfecting the stroke that one progresses and it cannot be per- 
fected in sprinting ; faults are emphasized by fast, exhausting 
work. To correct them take easy, careful swims, increasing the 
distance gradually, and always having some one to look over your 
work and coach you. 

Dr. Shell advises swimming only three times a week, while 
training, and I mention this opinion because he has devoted a 
deal of time and study to the question, but I must admit that I 
differ from him, and that I think one day of rest a week is quite 
sufficient. 

The distance to be gone on the first day of the second week is 
two hundred yards, and it should be increased daily by fifty 
yards, the last day's swim being a good hard quarter under the 
watch. Not what is understood as a time trial, but just a quarter 
at a brisk pace. In fact I believe one's individual laps should be 
timed all through training, whether one goes fast or slowly. 
These will tell how even a pace is held and little by little make 
one a good judge of pace. A few champions I have known grew 
so accustomed to this timing that they could suspend a stop watch 




POSITION IN THE HIGH DIVE. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 57 

just above the surface of the water and time themselves, so that 
in a trial they knew just when to increase or slacken their speed. 
This only comes after much practice, though, for one has to re- 
member the time of every other lap. 

On the third week only aquatic work should be indulged in,, 
the swimmer alternating short sprints one day with distances the 
'next. If your race is at the furlong, or under, go about 300 
yards on the distance days and sprint 50 and 100 yards on the 
others. If your race is at the quarter, alternate quarters and 
sprints ; if over, lengthen the stretches gradually, making them 
600, 750, and 880, if you are to go the half, and 880, 1,320, and 
1,760, if you are going the mile. In going these distances a good 
steady pace should be held. Not racing speed, because, form must 
still be aimed at, but fast enough to get one used to hard work 
and, as said before, under the watch. Never sprint at the end 
of these long swims — it is injurious. It is bad enough to have 
to put the terrific strain on the heart in a race. Try to keep an 
even pace throughout. 

On the first day of the last week make a time trial over the 
entire course, whatever it be, and swim it just as you would a 
race. On the second day take only an easy stretch of at most 
200 yards ; on the third, another time trial ; on the fourth, a few 
starts, with a couple of 25 yard sprints, and on the eve of the 
race absolute rest. 

In training for a sprint it will do no harm to go time trials 
twice a week throughout the period of training. And, of course, 
if two months of preparation can be indulged in, the system must 
be modified accordingly. For two months the doubling of the 
week's work will prove satisfactory, except that the distances 
may be lengthened more gradually. 




A RACING START-CHAMPION C. M. DANIELS. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 69 

An important item in indoor racing is the turn. Experts esti- 
mate that a good turner gains from one-fifth to four-fifths of a 
second on a bad one at each turn, so that in a mile race held in 
a sixty-foot tank the bad turner would be handicapped one min- 
ute and ten seconds, or in the neighborhood of one hundred 
yards. 

In learning the turn the first thing to tackle is the approach 
of the wall ; it must be timed so as to reach it with the turning 
arm stretched out in front. This is done by taking a couple of 
long strokes, or two or three short ones, as the wall is neared. 
When the hand touches the wall, which it does just above the 
waterline, the palm is laid down on it, the fingers pointing in the 
direction the body is going to circle, and parallel to the surface. 
The body is now swung around, helped by the under arm, which 
is stretched alongside, so that the soles of the feet come into 
contact with the wall, a few inches below the surface. Now the 
hands are brought rapidly to the hip, palms pointing in front, 
fingers down, and they give a backward stroke, which brings 
the body right against the wall, with the hips nearly touching 
it. Then the arms are put forward, as in starting the trudgeon, 
the legs are straightened out suddenly with a snap, and the body 
is allowed to travel on the impetus of the push-off until it slows 
down, when the arms take a stroke. The legs do not move until 
the arms are recovering, when they fall into their proper action. 
It is a great mistake to try to kick before the arms have taken 
a full stroke. Many swimmers take advantage of the turn to get 
a deep breath; it is taken as on Page 50, just before the hands take 
the backward stroke to force the body in position for the push-off. 
The starting dive is also an important part of racing, specially 
in sprinting. A fast, shallow dive should be adopted. Performed 




OGDEN M. REID. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 61 

slowly, ^his racing dive would be an over-balancing of the body 
forward, with a mighty spring, aided by arms and legs, as it 
passes beyond its center of gravity. Stand with body bent for- 
ward, or with knees slightly bent. As the signal is given get on 
tiptoe and swing your arms back, much as in jumping; then 
swmg them forward as the body falls over, bend well on your 
knees. lower ,vour heels and spring out with head erect, arms 
extended over your head, palms dow^n. These are the move- 
ments dissected, but of course in diving they are gone through 
so quickly as to make just one rapid spring. Try to strike the 
water with arms, body and legs in a straight line, at such an 
angle that 3'ou will only sink a few inches. To go deep is to 
kill your speed. As the hands touch the water, arch the back 
a little, pointing the hands up, so as to get to the surface at 
once and then set the arms going, remembering that, like in the 
turn, the legs must not be moved until the arms have taken a 
stroke and are recovering. 

Coming now to the hygienic details of training, it may be 
pointed out that too much indulgence in the steam and hot 
rooms is as injurious a habit as it is prevalent. Three or four 
minutes of heat, preferably in the steam room, are quite suf- 
ficient to open the pores, and more is weakening. As for sitting 
in the steam room by the half hour, a thing training swimmers 
often do, it is the death of snap. 

Long stays in the water are also conducive to sluggishness, 
and standing around the pool wet is responsible for a long list 
of ills. This noted, make it a prmciple to limit yourself to at 
most five minutes of steam, then a swim, a good brisk rub as 
soon as you come out of the water, and if you want to stay in 
the natatorium after, a warm bath robe and slippers. 




J. SCOTT LEARY. 
Olympic Club, San Francisco. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 63 

It is a wise move to stufif the ears with cotton on entering the 
water and to change this wet cotton for dry, on coming out. 
The dry absorbs all the moisture and prevents ear trouble, so 
prevalent among careless swimmers. 

During the winter the hair should be dried very thoroughly 
and the boay allowed to cool off before leaving the natatorium 
building. To go into the freezing atmosphere outside, espe- 
cially Vv'ith wet hair, from the torrid temperature of the bath 
is enough to give pneumonia to even the strongest. 

On the day of the race, don't make the mistake of changing all 
your habits, as so many athletes do. thinking it is the proper 
thing. We are such creatures of habit that the slightest change 
affects us. Try to follow the lines of your daily life; if you take 
coffee and steak for breakfast don't change to milk and eggs, 
though, of course, if your race is at one and you usually eat a 
hearty meal at twelve, the case changes aspect. Use judgment, 
and eat very sparingly, unless you have three or four hours to 
digest in. But, above all, keep your mind busy and don't worry 
over the issue of the race. Worry saps up more energy than 
the hardest kind of physical work. 

HINTS ABOUT RACING. 
If I have been asked once, I have been asked a hundred times 
by ambitious youngsters whether it is best to sprint at the be- 
ginning, in the mddle, or at the end of a race. The correct 
way of racing, in theory, is not to sprint at all, but to find the 
fastest gait one can hold over the distance to go, and to hold 
it. Unluckily, we are all such poor judges of pace that it is next 
to impossible for us to apportion our energy equally over the 
course so that it will just run out in the last few yards. We 




1 



E. H. ADAMS, 
New York Athletic Club. Holder of Plunge Record, 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 65 

either kill ourselves by early sprinting or reserve energy for a 
sensational finish which would have been far better employed 
sooner. 

I consider good judgment in pacing the most valuable asset of 
the fast swimmer. It is undoubtedly the pace that kills, the pace 
above the individual's normal one for the distance, and a pun- 
ishing sprint, whether indulged in at the start or at any other 
part of a race, is harmful, and detrimental to the best results. 
Distributed evenly over the entire course the extra strength 
needed for that sprint would have made the final time better. 
Fast men are often seen to "lay back," sprint away from an 
opponent and then slow down, and do all sorts of jockeying. 
Put down anything you see in this line to play to the galleries 
and in very bad taste. A man who feels certain of victory should 
be enough of a sportsman not to try to bring ridicule on his 
opponent, and the man who is not certain of victory will find it 
far more profitable to swim his own race without bothering about 
what his adversaries are doing and by holding a steady gait. 
To allow oneself to be drawn out by an early sprint, or to lay 
back, is always folly. 

It is rather a common habit to try to steal on the starter, and 
not a few take pride in being experts at it. It is bad policy 
even apart from the fact that one should not take unfair advan- 
tage of one's opponent. An impartial referee will disqualify any- 
one guilty of stealing and the swimmer may find it decidedly un- 
pleasant if he loses a prize after having won a hard-fought 
race, just because he took an unfair advantage that he may not 
have needed. 

Another bad mistake is to enter into noisy arguments with an 
official, to challenge the decision of the judges and to use un- 




JOSEPH RUDDY. 
New York Athletic Club. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 67 

parliamentary language. These things are offensive to every one 
present. Just place yourself in the position of the questioned 
ofificial and try to think how you would like it if a shoutmg and 
gesticulating contestant threw the taunt of unfairness at you, 
or became profane to you. A quiet, gentlemanly remonstrance 
will always be listened to, and if fair, probably heeded. But a 
noisy or abusive one will even turn a wavering judge against 
the protestant. 

When your instincts urge you to a strenuous objection, remem- 
ber that it is the wise man who keeps on the right side of the 
officials. Nothing is ever gained by loud and boisterous tactics. 



\Mm~~ 

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THE DIVING TOWER USED IN 1906 CHAMPIONSHIPS. HELD AT 
ST. LOUIS. MO. (DR. SHELDON DIVING). 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



FLOATING AND DIVING 



Floating is a mere question of balance, so that to learn how 
one must find a position in which the dead weight of the body is 
distributed evenly, above and below the buoyant center, the 
lungs. The legs will be found to overbalance the head and 
shoulders and in most cases the feet sink. This can be ob- 
viated by throwing the head back and by extending the arms at 
full length above the head; the additional leverage generally 
establishes the balance and brings the feet up. But if it should 
not prove sufficient the legs may be opened first, and if even 
this is not enough, brought up bent at the knees. .Floating is 
greatly facilitated by breathing in such a manner that the lungs 
are kept partially full of air all the time. Try to allow the air to 
get as low as possible in the lungs, and then, by short breaths, 
keep it there. Deep breathing and long exhaling should be 
avoided. 

Women float more readily than men, and stout people better 
than slight ones, but even the slightest can learn. To learn, get 
into water where you have a footing and placing your arms over 
your head let yourself drop backwards very slowly, arching the 
spine, and throwing the head back. Don't breathe until you have 
settled, as the face generally sinks for a second as you fall and 
then comes above water again. If you don't float at once try 
bending the legs as told above. 

Floating is not only an enjoyable pastime, it is a most useful 
accomplishment. Should one tire on a long swim, or be wrecked 




i^,^ 



WALTER LEE, N. Y. A. C. 
Fancy Diver. 



TOM CALLAGHAN. N. Y. A. C. 
Fancy Diver. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 71 

where it is not possible to make land for hours, floating not only 
allows a complete rest, but one may keep on top indefinitely by 
it, even when exhausted, and in case of a cramp it is indispen- 
sable. 

PLUNGE FOR DISTANCE. 

Here, too, we find a question of balance, and it is really noth- 
ing but floating on one's face, the position being identical As in 
floating, it is very important to keep the lower portion of the 
lungs well filled with air, and as there is no breathing to be 
done it is not as hard. 

Good plungers are stout men, as a rule, with large shoulders 
and comparatively light legs ; but there are exceptions, and even 
slight men with good lung capacity will be able to hold out the 
sixty seconds allowed by rules, if their position is good. 

There are three points to be considered in plunging; the dive, 
the position of the body in the water, and the direction ; the 
dive gives speed, the proper position enables one to retain it, 
and, of course, direction is essential in competition, when to 
touch the wall is to lose all the following distance. 

The dive to be taken in plunging is the shallow dive described 
as the racing dive. Before starting, the lungs must be cleaned 
out by two or three long, deep breaths, and then filled well. The 
dive must be made as speedy as possible and as soon as the body 
strikes the water all tension of the muscles should be relaxed and 
an effort should be made to get the air as low in the lungs as one 
can. In case a divergence from the true course is noticed, the 
plunger can straighten himself by moving the arms and head 
very slowly to the opposite side; the movement must be insen- 
sible, though, or it will check the progress almost instantane- 
ously. 




J. HANDY. 
Chicago A. A. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 73 

As nine- tenths of those who take up plunging for distance do 
so with the object of competing, it may be recommended to 
them to put on as much flesh as possible. The heavier the body 
the greater its force of inertia and the added pounds also add to 
one's buoyancy. 

DIVING. 

The shallow or racing dive, which has been described in con- 
nection with competitive swimming, is the most practical and 
useful of dives. In a race, in plunging, in playing water polo, it 
gives more speed than other dives and in swimming in unknown 
waters it is safe to use, as it keeps the body near the surface 
where the chances of colliding with sunken rocks or obstructions 
are very slight. There are only two other dives which need be 
mentioned, the plain front, and the plain back. Once these two 
are mastered perfectly the others will come readily, for they are 
merely these dives combined with some acrobatic feat. I will not 
attempt to touch on fancy diving at all, because it would take 
volumes to treat the intricate subject adequately. 

FRONT DIVE. 
In many respects this dive resembles the racing one, only it is 
slower in action and more deliberate, its beauty resting in the 
perfect form and composure of the diver. Stand erect with hands 
at your sides, and slowly allow the body to fall forward without 
moving the feet ; as it passes the balance point swing the arms 
back and bend the knees. Then swing the arms before you, 
above the head, spring out (not down, but right out parallel to 
the water) and, curving the body the least bit downward, enter 
the water almost at right angles, with every muscle set, and the 
arms, head, body and legs forming a straight line, even to the 



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g-'^i^^^BBBP^^B^ 



DAVE HAMMOND, 
Chicago. 



E. P. SWATEK, 

Central Y. M. C. A.. Chicago, 

Champion Underwater Swimmer. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 75 

toes which point backward. The angle at which the water is 
struck varies according to the height of the take-off; the higher 
the take-off the straighter the dive. 

In diving from a height, especially if the water is not very 
deep, it is prudent to arch the back as soon as one strikes, so as 
to bring the body to the surface. In competition, however, or 
when a particularly clean dive wants to be taken, it is best to 
make it very straight and to keep rigid without a move, until 
the feet are covered. In curving the back, the shins and feet are 
made to strike the water, causing a splash that spoils the effect 
of the dive. Particular attention should be paid to the lower 
leg, in diving, as it is almost a universal fault to bend it back as 
the shoulders hit the water. 

For the running high dive follow the same rules only, of 
course, instead of stopping at the take-off, take a good spring 
into the air, having care to spring out and up, as told above. 

BACK DIVE. 
In this dive the swimmer turns his back to the water and 
stands on the edge of the platform, or board, with the ball of 
his feet resting on it, but the heels in space. The arms are 
raised slowly above the head, the body curved backwards and 
allowed to fall over, then as it passes the balance point a good 
spring is taken and turning a graceful curve the body enters the 
water almost at right angles. 




W. C. TUTTLE. 
Chicago. 



LESTER CRANE. N. Y. A. C. 

One of the fastest 100-yd. swimmers 

in America. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



77 



ORNAMENTAL SWIMMING 

This generic name includes every aquatic feat that can be per- 
formed. ^ Be it easy or difficidt, common or uncommon, it comes 
under the heading of ornamental swimming. 

For the man who is at home in the water most of the tricks 
that can be performed are merely a matter of practice and no 
one should neglect to learn a dozen or so, and go through them 
co-ordinately, every now and then, so that if called upon at any 
time one can roll them off one after the other without interrup- 
tions or pauses. They make an interesting exhibiton, always ac- 
ceptable at a swimming meet, and are a constant source of en- 
joyment to one's less expert friends. I will confine myself to de- 
scribing a few of the best known and the pupil can easily pick up 
the others. 

THE ROLLING LOG. 

One of the easiest and most effective tricks is the rolling log. 
which anyone knowing how to float can learn in a few minutes. 
Take a floating position and locking the thumbs together exert 
the muscles of the side, without moving hands and legs, until 
you turn on 3^our side, then apply the other set and complete 
the circle. At first do it very slowly, for the beauty of the trick 
lies in showing as little movement as possible. After a little 
practice you will be able to turn quite rapidly, as a log that is 
being rolled, though the muscles hardly move. 




E. HALL, 

14 Years old. 

Member Missouri A. C. 



N. O. BARTHELS. 

Denver A. C, 

Winner 50-yd. Junior Championship, 

1906. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 79 

SWIMMING LIKE A DOG. 
This st3'le of swimming has no value, except for exhibition 
purposes. The body is held like in the breast stroke, but the 
action of both arms and legs is separatelx- alternate. The hands 
go out in front, palms down, until on three-quarter reach, and 
then come down into the body describing a circle; they move 
front and back only, and do not go out to the sides, as in the 
breast stroke. The legs are moved very much as in bicycling. 
Watch a dog swim and it will be an easy matter to imitate him. 

SOMERSAULTS. 

If performed cleanly and swiftly, somersaults always please the 
spectator and they need no st^idy. For the front somersault 
stand upright, treading water, with arms out to the sides, at 
right angles to the bod}^ palms down. Bend head forward and 
taking a hard stroke force the body over, keeping it curved under 
water until it returns to the surface again. 

For the back somersault, assume the same position, then throw 
back the head, curve the spine, and bend the knees under you ; a 
quick backspring, aided by a good stroke of the hands, will 
cause the body to circle around as on an axle. 

The double somersault, performed by two swimmers together, 
is a very pretty trick. The men get side by side, one floating, the \ 
other as in swimming, the one's head at the other's feet. Then 
the one on his face submerges himself and placing his head 
between the floating man's ankles he takes hold of the latter's 
head in a siinilar way. They are thus back to back. They now 
proceed to turn back somersaults and one after the other the 
heads appear over the surface and then disappear as they go 
round. 




OTTO SCHWARTZ. 

Of Yale, formerly of the Missouri 

A. C. . St. Louis. A fast short 

distance swimmer 



MARQUARD SCHWARTZ. 

Missouri A. C. St. Louis. 

100 yds. in 58 seconds. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81 

SCULLING. 

This method of propulsion should be practiced with care, for it 
is the kei'iiote of several of the neatest feats of ornamental 
swimming. The body starts in the usual floating position, but 
with arms down at the sides. Sculling is a circular motion of 
the hands from the wrist, aided by a slight bending of the el- 
bow. Its action is quite rapid, but I will take the different 
moves apart, so that the beginner may know how to learn it. 
The arms are alongside, palms down, hands open, fingers to- 
gether and wrist straight ; then the wrist is bent a little, the 
hands are twisted up and away from the body, then snapped in- 
ward towards the feet, the elbow helping, describing a circular 
motion much resembling that, of one baling with the hand. 

SWIMMING BACKWARD. 
There are two ways of doing this, floating and swimming. 
In either case the arms are at full reach over the head, the 
position of the body being respectively the same as in floating 
and plunging. Then the hands begin to scull as told above and 
the body will be propelled feet foremost. The legs may either 
move in a slow crawl movement or keep still. 

THE TORPEDO. 
This is only a modification of floating backward. Having as- 
sumed a floating position, the legs are bent at the knees so that 
the lower legs come well to the surface, then the head is thrown 
back, the hands give an upward stroke that buries the head and 
shoulders, and in this position the hands (still above the head) 
begin to scull. From above, all that can be seen is the feet glid- 



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1 




OTTO KRESS, 
Columbia University, 



FRANK KEHOE, 
Capt. Chicago A. A. Water Polo Team. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 83 

ing through the water. As the body has a tendency to rise in 
this, it is well to give the sculling a slight upward slant; prac 
tice will tell just how much. 

THE SHIP. 
This is another sculling trick, and not so easy. Body is held 
as in floatmg, arms alongside. Keeping one leg in the usual po- 
sition, lift the other straight into the air, so that it sticks out 
of the water at right angles to the body as a funnel on a steamer. 
By sculling with a downward slant you will keep afloat and pro- 
pel yourself in either direction. It is a real feat to do the 
schooner, lifting both legs up. 

THE TOP. 
Tread water, then bend up legs until the knees are against 
your chest. Place arms out at right angles and set yourself spin- 
ning by taking strong, fast, alternate strokes. The arms never 
leave the water, being carried back to starting point palm down, 
so that they ofifer no resistance to the water, 

MONTE CRISTO. 
This is the most sensational of tricks, and can be done by 
anyone used to underwater work. A large sack is provided ; 
one in which a man fits comfortably. x\t its neck, where the 
fastening goes, a hole is made through which two thin pieces of 
cord are passed. When the swimmer gets into the sack he takes 
the two loose ends of the cord in his hand and some one closes 
the mouth, binding it around a couple of times before putting in 
the knots. After a momentary pause the sack is thrown over- 





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jtf^^^-^jr ap" j»v -j^^^' .si 



DR. G, H SHELDON. 

Missouri A. C, St. Louis 

Olympic Champion Diver. 1304; 

National Diving Champion. 1905 



BUD GOODWIN, 

New York Athletic Club. 
Champion Distance Swimmer 
and Centre on Water Polo Team. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 85 

board with a cry. On reaching the water the imprisoned man 
lets go of the two ends of the cord, which he has been holding, 
and the mouth of the sack can then be loosened with no trouble. 
The swimmer makes his exit and comes to the surface. If the 
water is at all muddy the trick can be made more thrilling by 
staying under water until want of air compels coming to the 
surface. 

There are a hundred other tricks which can be performed, all 
of them entertaining, but every book on swimming is full of 
them and it is an easy matter to work out a good program. 
The few given herein are merely the fundamental ones from 
which most of the others can be evolved. 




DAN RENEAR. 
University of Pennsylvania, 
Champion 100 yds., Honolulu, and 
one of America's fastest sprint- 
ers and cleverest fancy divers. 



ROBT. LAUGHLIN. 

Chicago A. A., 

Holder feet-and-knee-tied record 

for 20 yds. and one of the fastest 

100 yards swimmers in the West. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



87 



WHAT A SWIMMER SHOULD WEAR 

The expert swimmer needs something 
more then an ordinary bathing suit, and to 
satisfy him, Spalding puts out two special 
expert racing and swimming suits. The 
best is their No. 2-R, made of mercerized 
cotton, with silky finish, which sheds water 
very readily. This is a feature that will be 
appreciated by fast swimmers. It is light 
in weight, very nicely finished and buttons 
over shoulders. This is, of course, a one- 
piece suit, and is convenient in every way. 
This suit is made in only one color — navy 
blue, and the price is $2.00. Spalding also 
furnishes suit made up similar in style to the No. 2-R 

better grade but made of lighter weight and snug fitting. This 
one also buttons over shoulder and is made in navy blue. It is 
known as the Spalding No. i-R, and the price is $1.00 each. 

Spalding is making up now a special swimming supporter. In 
this no elastic is used. It is a comfortable style, simple in con- 
struction, being fastened with one button and is the same as is 
used by expert swimmers in this country. It is known as the 
No. A, -and the price is 50c. each. Other styles of supporters 
that Spalding furnishes are No. i, made of best canton flannel, 
25c. each; No. X similar to above but cheaper quality, 15c,; also 
with elastic sides. No. 2, 50c. each, and No. 3 with elastic sides and 
open mesh front, 50c. The old reliable Bike Jockey strap suspen- 
sory is iust as popular as ever. The price for this style is 75c. each. 





CHAS. RUBERL. 
Former All-round American 
Champion, now Back-stroke 
Champion and holder of Back- 
stroke Record. 



VINCENT GOODWIN. 

New York Athletic Club, 

Metropolitan 50-yard Champion. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 89 

SUITS AND EQUIPMENT FOR BATHING 
In one-piece bathing suits Spalding supplies their No. 743 made 
in men's sizes, 32 to 44 inch chest, in fancy stripes, assorted pat- 
terns, buttoning in front, 75c. each, and the 521-B in boys' sizes, 
24 to 32 inch chest for 50c. each. They also have their No. 50 one- 
piece suit, color navy blue, button at shoulders for 75c. each. 
And in trunks made of cotton, No. 603 in fancy stripes, 25c. each; 
No. 602, 35c. ; No. 601, navy blue with either red or white stripes 




No. 606 



No. 608 



No. 28 



at bottom, 50c. Worsted bathing trunks. No. i quality, in navy, 
black, white or maroon for $2.00 each. This is a very superior 
grade, and our No. 2 quality of cut worsted navy or black for $,i.oo 
each. Bathing slippers made of white canvas and with soles to 
give absolute protection to the feet but not encumber the swim- 
mer, Spalding supplies for 50c. per pair. Waterproof canvas bags, 
made of canvas, lined with rubber, and thoroughly waterproof, 
to hold bathing suits, towels, brush and comb, etc., cost $i.oo 
each. 




TED KITCHING. N. Y. A. C. 

Holder 50-yd. Straightaway 

Record of 27 2-5s. 



C. D. TRUBENBACH, 
N. Y. A. C. Relay Team. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 91 

The following is a line of two-piece bathing suits furnished by 
Spalding at prices that are reasonable. All of these goods are 
satisfactory in quality, well made and look well at all times. 

No. 605. Sleeveless cotton suit, plain navy blue shirt and 
pants. Per suit, 75c. 

No. 606. Sleeveless cotton suit, in navy blue, with either red 
or white trimmings on shirt; plain pants. Per suit, $1.00. 

No. 608. Sleeveless finest quality cotton suit, trimmed pants 
and shirts. Colors : navy and red or navy and white only. Per 
suit, $1.25. 




No. 614 



No. 196 



No. 110 



No. 28. Quarter sleeve cotton suit, fashioned wiih mercerized 
silk trimming in following colors only: navy trimmed red, navy 
trimmed white. Per suit, $1.50. 

No. 600. Fine quality cut worsted suit, in plain navy, black or 
maroon. Furnished in both quarter sleeve and sleeveless styles. 
Per suit, $2 50. 

No. 396. Sleeveless fine quality worsted suit, with plain pants, 




JOE SPENCER. 
New York Athletic Club 



FOSTER NAETHING. 
Captain Yale Water Polo Team. 



SPALD.NG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 93 

neither black or navy blue, and shirt striped two inches each color 
alternately in following combinations : red and black, red and 
white, navy and red, black and orange, cardinal and gray, royal 
blue and white, maroon and white. Per suit, $3.00. 

No. 396B. Sleeveless fine quality worsted suit, with plain 
pants, either black or navy blue, and shirt with 4-inch stripe 
around body in following combinations : navy and white, black 
and orange, black and red, gray and cardinal. Per suit. $3.00. 




No. 396 



No. 396-B 



No. 195 



No, 195. Sleeveless fancy worsted suit, with attractive striping 
on shirt and pants in following colors: black trimmed red, navy 
trimmed gray, gray trimmed navy, navy trimmed white. $3.00. 

No. 614. Quarter sleeve fine quality worsted suit, with attract- 
ive striping on shirt and pants in following colors only : navy 
trimmed gray, navy trimmed white, gray trimmed navy, navy 
trimmed red. Per suit, $3.50. 

No. 196. "V" neck sleeveless fancy worsted suit, with attract- 
ive striping on shirt and pants in following colors only : black 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



95 



trimmed red, navy trimmed gray, gray trimmed navy, navy 
trimmed white. Per suit, $3.50. 

No. no. Sleeveless worsted suit, full fashioned, best quality, 
in plain navy, black or maroon. Per suit, $4.50. 

No. III. Quarter sleeve striped worsted suit, same quality as 
No. no, in following colors only: maroon trimmed white, black 
trimmed orange, navy trimmed white. Per suit. $5.00. 




No. Ill 



No. 95 



No. 95. "V" neck sleeveless, light weight sweater yarn, solid 
colors; trimmings of different color in following combinations: 
gray and navy, navy and white, black and light blue. Suit, $5.00. 

No. 295. Sleeveless extra quality fashioned worsted suit, with 
attractive striping on shirt and pants in following colors : gray 
trimmed navy, navy trimmed gray, navy trimmed white. $5.50. 




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rOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 

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1900 



ST. LOUIS 
1904 





=D G= 




Expcn Racing aid swlnmiiMi suit 



& 




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catalogue of all sports. 
Mailed free to any ad- 
dress in the United 
States or Canada. 



No. 2R.. Made of 

mercerized cotton, silky 
finish, and shedding 
water readily. Light 
weight and nicely 
finished; buttons over 
shoulders. Color: Navy 
Blue. Per suit, $2.00 



No. IR. Made of cot- 
ton, light in weight, 
snug fitting and well 
finished. Buttons over 
shoulders. Color: Navy 
Blue. Per suit, $ 1 .00 



^ 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 




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No. 295 



No. 95 



Sleeveless Extra Quality Fashioned Worsted Suit, with attractive 

striping on shirt and pants in following colors: Gray trimmed Navy, 

Navy trimmed Gray. Navy trimmed White. 

No. 295. Per suit, $5.50 

"V" Neck Sleeveless, of light weight sweater yarn, solid colors with 

trimmings of a different color in following combinations; Gray and 

Navy, Navy and White, Black and Light Blue. 

No. 95. Per suit. $5.00 

Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of all sports mailed 
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Furnished 

With Either 

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or Sleeveless 

Shirt. 




U^ 



llliiiijiiiiiiliillil 

iliiiiiiililiif 




No. Ill 



No. 396 



(^ 



Striped Worsted Suit, same quality an No, 110, in foUowini: colors 
only; Maroon trimmed White, Black trimmed Orange, Navy trim- 
med White. Sizes 28 to 44. 
No. I M . Per suit, $5.00 
Fine Quality Worsted Suit, with plain pants, either Black or Navy 
Blue, and shirt striped tw^o inches, each color alternately in following' 
combinations : Red and Black, Red and White. Navy and Red. Black 
and Orange, Cardinal and Gray, Royal Blue and White. Maroon and 
White, Sizes 28 to 44. 
No. 396. Per suit, $3.00 
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Shirt. 




No. 195 



No. 614 



Fancy Worsted Suit, with attractive striping on shirt and Pants. in 

following colors only: Black trimmed Red Navy trimmed G^^^^^ Gray 

trimmed Navy, Navy trimmed White. Sizes 28 to 44. 

No. 195. Per suit, $3.00 

P^iTiP Quality Worsted Suit. with attractive striping on shirt and pants 

fn folSwii^g colorfonly : Navy trimmed Gray Navy trimmed White, 

Gray trimmed Navy and Navy trimmed Red. Sizes 28 to 44. 

No. 614. Per suit. $3.50 

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Furnished in 

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Inch Chest 

Measurement. 



D IS 




No. 196 



No. 396B 



No. 196. "V" Neck Sleeveless^Fancy Worsted Suit, with attract- 
ive striping on shirt and pants in following colors only: Black 
trimmed Red, Navy trimmed Gray, Gray trimmed Navy, Navy 
trimmed white Per suit, $3.5 O 

No. 3 9 6 B . Sleeveless Fine Quality Worsted Suit, with plain pants, 
either Black or Navy Blue, and shirt with 4-inch stripe around body 
in following combinations: Navy and White, Black and Orange, 
Black and Red, Gray and Cardinal. . c Per suit, $3.00 



& 



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mailed free to any address in the United States or Canada 



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No. 28 No. 110 

Cotton Suit, fashioned with mercerized silk trimming:, in following: 

colors only; Navy trimmed Red. Navy trimmed White. Sizes 28 to 44 

No. 28 . Per Suit, $ 1 .50 

Fine quality Cut Worsted Suit, in plain Navy, Black or Maroon. Sizes 

28 to 44. 

No. 600. Per suit, $2. 50 

Worsted Suit, full fashioned, best quality, in plain Navy, Black or 

Maroon. Sizes 28 to 44. 

No. I rO. Per suit, $4,50 



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<n(7 




Any Style 

Furnished 

With Either 

Quarter Sleeve 

or Sleeveless 

Shirt. 




dJU) 



No. 606 
Cotton Suit. Plain Navy Blue Shirt and Pants, 
No. 605. Per suit, 75c. 

Cotton Suit, in Navy Blue, with either Red or White trimmings on 

shirt ; plain pants. Sizes 28 to 44. 

No. 606. PerSuit, $I.OO 

Finest quality Cotton Suit ; trimmed pants and shirts. Colors : Navy 

and Red or Navy and White only. Sizes 28 to 44. 

No. 608. Per suit, $ 1 .25 

Spalding's Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue of all Sports. 
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No. 743 
One piece bathing suit, men's sizes 

stripes, assorted patterns ; front. 

No. 743. Per suit. 75c. 

Boys' sizes, 24 to 32 in. chest ; fancy stripes, variety of patterns ; 

button in front. 

No. 52 I B. Per suit. 50C. 

One piece sleeveless cotton bathing suit, solid Navy Blue ; button 

at shoulders. 

No. 50. Per suit, 75c. 

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Sports. Sent free to any address in the United States or Canada. 



iJKtlU, JUI 

// Sports. , 



=Dt: 



^ 



A. G. SPALDINC & BROS. 




New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal. Canada London. England " 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

FOR. SPALDINC ATHLETIC GOODS 

GRAND PRIZE 



ST. LOUIS 
1904 




GRAND PRIX 

PARrs 

1900 




SPALDING "PERFECT" BATHING 
AND SWIMMING JACKETS 

SlSlSlSlSlSlSl 

THESE jackets are 
made of a fine quality 
air tight rubber 
fabric, similar to that 
used in our base ball 
body protectors, the front 
and rear sections being in- 
flated separately, making 
jacket particularly valu- 
able as a life preserver, 
the air in even one section 
being sufficient to keep a 
person afloat. Gotten up in 
the shape of a vest it can 
be attached to trunks or 
skirt of an ordinary bath- 
ing suit, and when shirt or 
waist is put on over the 
Showing Trunks Buttoned to " Perfect'* jacket it is not apparent 
Vest. No Possibility of Slipping. Fit -. ^, x • i ■ 

closely to the Body. * ™"i the outside. 

The only practical life preserving garments ever devised with any idea as 

to style and fit which are not apparent when worn and which cannot slip 

or come off. Made of very finest materials, and with care should last a 

lifetime. When not in use can be rolled into a very small package. 

B^^For Prices see following page. 

Send for Spalding's Elustrated Catalogue of All Sports. Mailed free 
to any address in the United States or Canada. 




^ 



A. C. SPALDINC & BROS. 



£=. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London, England 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

rOR Si-ALDINC ATHLCTIC GOODS 



CRAND PRIZE 

ST. U>UB 
1904 




GRAND PRIX 

rARIS 
1900 




SPALDING "PERFECT" BATHING 




AND SWIMMING JACKETS 


No. OW. Women's Jacket. . 

Bust measurement 32 to 3Jt, 36 to 38. JtO 
No. 2M. Men's Jacket 

Chest measurement 32 to 36, 38 to h2. 
No. 3C. Children's. Two sizes. . 

Small i-to 10 years. Large ( Youths' a 

Special sizes to order. 


. . . Each. $y.50 
to ^2. 
. . . " 7.50 

. . . " 6.50 

nd Misses') 10 to 16 years. 

Cork Swimming 






^^^^HH^^^^^^H 






^^^^^I^^^^H 


Jackets and 




PI 


^^H^^^^^H 


Collars 








The covering for these 
jackets and collars is a close 
woven canvas. The stuffing 
is the best quality ground 
cork. After the jackets 
and collars are properly 
stuffed they are put 
through a process of water- 
proofing. They will not 
soak up water as an ordin- 
ary life preserver, but will 
always remain buoyant. An 
invaluable device for learn- 
ing to swim. The large 
jacket will float any size 
person. 






^m 


Jacket for Adults, weight 

2H lbs. 

No. 1. Each. $2.00 

Jacket for Children, weight 

1^ lbs. 

No. 2. Each. $1.75 

Collars for Adults or 

Children. 

No. 3. Each. $J.OO 


Showing Tights and Skirts Buttoned to 
Waist. A Swimming Corset and Waist 
Combined, Preserving the Contour of the 
Figure. Can be worn without detection. 



^ 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



(U, 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London, England 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

rOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 

GRAND PRIZE /fc::^>^ GRAND PRIX 

ST. LOUIS (\5tal|,)") PARIS 




<^ 




WATER POLO BALL 




Made of white rubber fabric, inflated with 
key. Regulation size. . Each, $2.00 



WATER POLO GUIDE 

No. 1 29. Containing directions for play- 
ing and official rules 1 Oc. 



& 



Send for Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of all 

sports. Mailed free to any address in the United States or 

Canada. 



Tl 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



(L=, 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco I 
Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans I 
Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London. England 



8 



Durand-Steel Lockers 

WOODEN LOCKERS are objec- 
tionable because they attract 
vermin, absorb odors, can be 
easily broken into, and are dan- 
gerous on account of fire. Lockers made 
from wire mesh or expanded metal af- 
ford little security, as they can be easily 
entered with wire cutters. Clothes 
placed in them become covered with dust 
and the lockers themselves present a poor 
appearance, resembling animal cages. 

Ourand-Steel Lockers are made 

of high-grade steel plates, and are fin- 
ished with gloss-black Furnace baked 
Japan (400°) , comparable to that used on 
hospital ware, which will never flake off 
nor require refinishing. as do paints and 
enamels. 

Durand-Steel Lockers are usual« 
ly built with doors perforated full length 
in panel desigrn, with sides and backs 

sol id. 

This 

clothes 
in one 
locker 
from 

coming in contact with wet gar- 
ments in adjoining lockers, while 
plenty of ventilation is secured by 
having the door perforated its 
entire length, but if the pur- 
chaser prefers we perforate the 
backs also. 

The cost of Durand-Steel Lockers 
is no more than that of first-class 
wooden lockers, and they last as 
long as the building, are sanitary, 
secure, and in addition, are fire- 
proof. 

We are handling lockers as a spe- 
cial contract business, and ship- 
ment will in every case be made 
direct from the factory in Chi- 
cago. If you will let us know the 
number of lockers, size, and ar- 
rangement, we shall be glad to 
-™ , , ■ o- I T-- take up through correspondence 
1 hree Lockers in bingle 1 ler the matter of prices. 





Six Lockers in 
Double Tier 



A. C. SPALDING &. BROS. 

Send for Complete Catalogue of I Stores in all Large cities. 

all Athletic Sports. ' Seeinsidecover page of this book. 



8 



THE FOLLOWING INDEX FROM 
SPALDING'S LATEST CATALOGUES 
WILL GIVE AN IDEA OF THE 
GREAT VARIETY OF ATHLETIC 
GOODS MANUFACTURED AND SOLD 
BY A. G. SPALDING & BROS. : : : : 



Page 
Abdomen Protector,... 31, 72 

Archery Goods 78, 79 

Athletic Paraphernalia. 82 

Badminton 69 

Bags, Bat 21 

Bags, Bathing Suit.... 32 

Bags, Caddy 66, 67 

Bags, Striking 102, 103 

Bags, Uniform 21 

Balls, Base 4-7 

Balls, Basket 84, 85 

Balls, Croquet 76 

Balls, Foot 70, 71 

Balls, Hand 94 

Balls, Field Hockey... 74 

Balls, Indoor Base 92 

Balls, Golf 64, 65, 69 

Balls, Lacrosse 88 

Balls, Medicine 114 

Balls, Polo 89 

Balls, Tennis 48, 49 

Balls, Squash 56 

Balls, Volley 94 

Balls, Water Polo .... 94 

Bandages, Elastic .... 30 

Bars, Ash Ill 

Bar Stalls 115 

Bars, Doorway ... 118 

Bases, Base Ball 20 

Bases, Indoor ........ 92 

Basket Ball Wear 86, 87 

Bats, Base Ball 8-10 

Bats, Indoor 92 

Bat Bags, Base Ball.. 21 

Bathing Suits 32-33 

Belts 25, 72 

Bladders 71, 85, 103 

Bows, Archery 78, 79 

Caddy Bags 66, 67 

Caps, Base Ball 26 

Caps. University 27 

Centre Forks, Iron 54 

Centre Straps, Canvas. 54 

Chest Weights 106, 107 

Circle, 7-ft 82 

Clock Golf 69 

Coats, Base Ball 24 

Corks, Running 35 

Covers, Racket 54 

Cricket Goods 57 

Croquet Goods 76 

Discus, Olympic 81 

Disks, Striking Bag.. 104, 105 

Dumb Bells 110, 111 

Elastic Bandages 30 

Emblems 26 



Page 

Equestrian Polo 75 

Exercisers, Home 120 

Exercisers, Whitely... 120 

Fencing G oods 95-98 

Field Hockey Sticks... 74 

Flags, College 83 

Foot Balls 70-71 

Foul Flags 20 

Gloves, Base Ball 16, 17 

Gloves, Boxing 99-101 

Gloves, Fencing 97 

Gloves, Foot Ball 31 

Gloves, Golf 67 

Gloves, Striking Bag.. 103 

Goals, Basket Ball 85 

Goals, Field Hockey... 74 

Goals, Foot Ball 71 

Goals, Lacrosse 88 

Goals. Polo 89 

Golf Clubs 58. 63 

Golf Goods 58-69 

Grips, Athletic 35 

Guy Ropes and Pegs.. 53 

Gymnasium, Outdoor... 121 

Hammers. Athletic 80 

Handle Covers, Rubber 54 

Hats, University 27 

Home Gymnasium 116 

Horizontal Bars 118, 119 

Hurdles, Safety 82 

Hob Nails 41, 67 

Horns, Umpires'....... 82 

Indian Clubs 110,111 

Indoor Base Ball 92 

Inflaters, Striking Bag. lOS 

Jackets, Swimming.... 32 

Jerseys 38 

Knee Tights 37 

Knickerbockers 37, 73 

Lacrosse 88 

Lanes for Sprints 

Lawn Bowls 

Lockers 



82 

77 

124 



1?^ 



Markers, Tennis 

Masks, Base Ball... 

Masks, Fencing 

Mattresses 

Medicine Balls 114 

Megaphones 83 

Mitts. Base Ball 11-15 

Mitts, Striking Bag... 103 

Nets, Tennis 50, 61 

Numbers, Competitors'. 35 



SPALDING'S ILLUSTRATED CATA- 
LOGUE AND PRICE LIST FURNISHED 
FREE UPON APPLICATION TO ANY 
OF SPALDING'S STORES-FOR LOCA- 
TION OF WHICH SEE INSIDE FRONT 
COVER OF THIS BOOK. :::::: 



Page 

Paint, Golf 69 

Pants, Base Ball 25 

Pants, Cricket 36 

Pants, Foot Ball 73 

Pants. Ruuuing 35 

Parallel Bars 119 

Pistol. Starter's 82 

Plates, Base Ball Shoe 20 

Plates, Home 20 

Plates, Marking 55 

Plates, Pitchers' Toe.. 20 

Plates, Pitchers' Box.. 20 

Poles, Vaulting 81 

Polo, Equestrian 75 

Polo. Roller 89 

Presses. Racket 54 

Protection for Shoe 

Plates 28 

Protection for Shoe 

Spikes 35 

Protectors, Base Ball.. 19 

Protector, Thumb 85 

Push Ball 94 

Pushers, Chamois 35 

Puttees, Golf 41 

Quoits 114 



Racket Covers 54 

Rackets, I.awn Tennis. 44-47 

Rackets. Squash Tennis 56 

Racket Presses 54 

Rackets Restrung 49 

Rackets, Squash 56 

Reels for Tennis Posts 53 

Rings. Swinging 116,117 

Rink Skates 91 

Roque Goods 77 

Rowing Machines 108, 109 

Score Books, Base Ball 21 
Score Books, Basket 

Ball 85 

Score Books, Golf 69 

Score Books, Tennis... 54 

Scoring Tablets 21 

Shin Guards 72, 74, 89 

Shirts, Base Ball 25 

Shirts, Outing 36 

Shirts, Quarter Sleeve. 37 

Shirts, Sleeveless 37 

Shoes, Base Ball 28 

Shoes, Basket Ball 87 

Shoes, Bowling 42 

Shoes, Cross Country.. 34 

Shoes, Cricket 42 

Shoe?, Fencing 97 

Shoes, Foot Ball 72 

Shoes, Golf 41 



Shoes, Gymnasium . . . 
Shoes, Indoor Jumping. 

Shoes, Jumping 

Shoes, Indoor Running. 

Shoes, Running 

Shoes, Squash 

Shoes, Tenuis 

Shoe Plates, Base Ball 

Shot 

Skates, Roller 

Skull Caps 

Sleeve Bands 

Slippers, Bathing 

Stockings 

Stop Board 

Stop Watch 

Supporters 

Supporters, Ankle 

Suspensories 

Sweaters 24, 

Swivels, Striking Bag. 

Take-Off Board 

Tape, Rubber Adhesive 

Tapes, Marking 

Tapes, Measuring .... 

Targets, Archery 

Tennis Rackets 

Tennis Nets 

Tennis Posts 

Tether Tennis 

Tights, Full Length... 

Toe Board 

Trapeze 

Trousers, Tennis, Out- 
ing 

Trousers, Y. M. C. A. 

Trunks, Velvet 

Trunks, Worsted 



Umpire Indicator 

Uniform Bags 

Uniforms, Base Ball., 

Uniforms, Indoor 

Underwear, Athletic. . 



O 

Page 

43 
35 

34, 35 
35 
34 
41 
42 
20 
80 

90, 91 
73 
83 
32 
29 
82 
82 
31 

28, 30 



31 



72 
40 
102 

82 
54 
55 
82 
79 

44-47 
50, 51 

51-53 

55 

37 

82 

117 



37 
37 
32 

21 
21 
22-23 
93 
36 



Varnish for Gut 

Vaulting Standards.... 
Volley Ball Standards. 

Waist Reducing Ma- 
chine 

Wands 

Watches, Stop 

Water Wings 

Weights, 56-lb 

Whistles, Referees' . . . 

Wrist Machines 

Wrestling Machines... 



113 
111 

82 
32 



120 
113 



m 7 1907 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 








e 005 900 780 4 ^ 



Albert G. and J. Walter Spalding commenced business March 
ist, 1876, at Chicago, under the firm name A. G. Spalding & Bro., 
with a capital of $800. Two years later their brother-in-law, 
William T. Brown, came into the business, and the firm name 
was then changed to A. G. Spalding & Bros. 

The business was founded on the Athletic reputation of Mr. 
A. G. Spalding, who acquired a national prominence in the realm 
of Sport, as Captain and Pitcher of the Forest City's of Rockford, 
111. (1865-70), the original Boston Base Ball Club (Champions of 
'.iic United States, 1871-75), and the Chicago Ball Club C1876-77), 
first Champions of the National League. He was also one of the 
original organizers, and for man}^ years a director, of the National 
League of America, the premier Base Bali organization of the 
world. Mr. Spalding has taken an important part in Base Ball 
afifairs ever since it became the National Game of the LTnited States 
at the close of the Civil War in 1865. The returning veterans of 
that War, who had played the game as a camp diversion, dis- 
seminated this new American field sport throughout the country, 
and thus gave it its national character. 

Base Ball Goods were the only articles of merchandise carried 
the first year, the total sales amounting to $11,000. Gradually 
implements and accessories of Athletic Sports were added, until 
the firm now manufacture the requisites for all kinds of Athletic 
Sports. Originally the firm contracted for their supplies from 
outside manufacturers, but finding it impossible, by this method, 
to keep the standard of quality up to their high ideals, they 
gradually commenced the manufacture of their own goods, and 
by the acquisition from tim^e to time of various established 
factories located in different parts of the country, are now able 
to, and do manufacture in their own factories everything bearing 
the Spalding Trade-Mark, which stands the world over as a 
guarantee of the highest quality. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




005 900 780 4 ^ 




A 



